Chapter 8

Question 1

What tissue is voluntary, striated, multinucleate, highly vascular, bony attachment for motion, posture and muscle work.?

Answer 1

Skeletal

Question 2

What tissue is involuntary, straited, uninucleate, highly vascular, cellar branching with intercalated disks, gap junctions present and heart muscles?

Answer 2

Cardiac

Question 3

What tissue is involuntary, nonstriated, uninucleate, spindled shaped, for viscera/blood vessels?

Answer 3

Smooth

Question 4

What are the functions of skeletal muscles?

Answer 4

motion/movement, heat production, maintain posture, regulating organ volume

Question 5

What characteristic shortens to produce force?

Answer 5

contractility

Question 6

What characteristics receive and respond to stimuli, can carry an electrical signal?

Answer 6

excitablitity

Question 7

What characteristics can stretch without damage during antagonist contraction?

Answer 7

extensibility

Question 8

What characteristics can return to shape and form?

Answer 8

elasticity

Question 9

Muscles that move a joint in the opposite direction of agonist, muscles can only pull bone in one direction (cannot push the bone back, so need antagonistic muscle)

Answer 9

Antagonist

Question 10

Muscle that moves a joint in one direction

Answer 10

prime mover (agonist)

Question 11

What is a bundle of muscle fibers?

Answer 11

fasicicle

Question 12

What does muscle fiber =

Answer 12

muscle cell

Question 13

What connective tissue covers the entire muscle?

Answer 13

Epimysium

Question 14

What connective tissue covers the fascicles?

Answer 14

perimysium

Question 15

what connective tissue covers individual muscle cells/fibers?

Answer 15

Endomysium

Question 16

Where muscle attaches to stationary bone of a joint?

Answer 16

origin

Question 17

Where muscles attaches to moveable bone of a joint?

Answer 17

insertion

Question 18

What is Sarcoplasm?

Answer 18

muscle fiber cytoplasm

Question 19

What is Sarcolemma?

Answer 19

muscle fiber plasma membrane

Question 20

What is T-tubles?

Answer 20

invaginations in sarcolemma- allows electrical signal to reach into muscle fiber and trigger sarcoplasmic reticulum to release its calcium

Question 21

What has network surrounding myofibrils that stores and releases calicum?

Answer 21

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 22

What has parallel cylindrical fibers that compose muscle fiber?

Answer 22

Myofibrils

Question 23

What has repeated units that make up myofibrils?

Answer 23

sarcomeres

Question 24

What do sarcomeres contain?

Answer 24

thick and thin myofilaments, extends from one z-line to the next

Question 25

What are the two types of thin myofilaments

Answer 25

Tropomyosin and Troponin

Question 26

What is troponin?

Answer 26

attached to tropomyosin and binds to calcium to move tropomyosin, exposing myosin binding sites on actin

Question 27

What is tropomyosin?

Answer 27

around the actin, blocks myosin binding sites of actin

Question 28

What are thick filaments made of?

Answer 28

Myosin protein can form cross bridges with actin and has ATP binding sites for energy to contact sarcomere.

Question 29

This is a dark band of myosin with overlapping actin

Answer 29

A band

Question 30

This band is on either side of z-lines and areas of actin only

Answer 30

I band

Question 31

Attaches center of attachment of myosin and anchor point of myosin

Answer 31

M line

Question 32

Areas of myosin only, on either side of the m line

Answer 32

H zone

Question 33

Ends of sarcomeres, anchor point of actin

Answer 33

Z-Line

Question 34

Where a neuron gets close to the muscle cells, has the ability to stimulate muscles cell, triggering contraction, muscle fibers contract in response to motor never impulses

Answer 34

Neuromuscular Junction (motor end plate)

Question 35

also known as the synaptic bouton and terminal bouton, is the most distal portion of a neuron’s axon and is critical for neural communication.

Answer 35

Axon terminal

Question 36

tall muscle fibers stimulated by the same neuron are known as this, all muscle fibers within this, must all contract when stimulated or are all not contracting because they are not being stimulated

Answer 36

Motor Unit

Question 37

what is a series of changes in electrical charges?

Answer 37

action potential (electrical signal)

Question 38

generation and propagation of an action potential

Answer 38

depolarization

Question 39

restoration of resting membrane potential

Answer 39

repolarization

Question 40

localized area of electrical change on the muscle cell due to binding of acetylcholine to sarcolemma

Answer 40

end plate potential

Question 41

a single contraction that lasts only milliseconds, has three stages

Answer 41

muscle twitch

Question 42

What are the three stages of muscle twitching?

Answer 42

latent period, contraction period, relaxtion period,

Question 43

A time for events at neuromuscular junction leading up to contraction

Answer 43

latent period

Question 44

when myosin and actin are interacting, and sarcomeres are actively shortening

Answer 44

contraction period

Question 45

follows discontinuation of ACh release from neurotransmitter sarcomeres return to resting length

Answer 45

relaxation period

Question 46

muscles changes in lengths and move load. can be concentric or eccentric

Answer 46

isotonic contractions

Question 47

muscles shorten and does work

Answer 47

concentric contractions

Question 48

muscles lengthens and generates force

Answer 48

eccentric contractions

Question 49

load is greater than the maximum tension muscle can generate so muscle neither shortens or lengthens

Answer 49

isometric contractions

Question 50

this results if two stimuli are received by a muscle in rapid succession

Answer 50

wave summation

Question 51

increase in stimulus frequency causes muscle to progress to sustained, quivering contractions

Answer 51

unfused tetanus

Question 52

if stimuli frequency further increases, muscle tension reaches maxium

Answer 52

fused tetanus