Chapter 11 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Motivation
Activates a specific goal-directed behaviour
Huger, thirst, sex, escape, money, power
Emotion
The subjective experience of a physiological reaction to a stimulus
Anxiety, excitement, disgust, love
What is Motivation
A psychological process that directs and maintains behavior toward a goal.
The driving force within individuals that impels them to action
Motives
A stimulus that moves a person to behave in ways designed to accomplish a specific goal
Drive reduction theory
When individuals experience a need or drive which can create internal tension, they’re motivated to reduce that need or drive.
- Hunger, thirst, and sexual frustration
- Strength of drives is affected by arousal
Homeostasis
Homeostasis is the process of maintaining relatively stable internal states, balance or equilibrium.
Incentive Theories
Incentive theories propose that individuals are often motivated by positive goals
Drive Theory
Biological internal motivation (homeostasis)
Incentive Theory
Environmental motivation (not as much homeostasis, more outside factors)
Arousal Theory
Arousal – level of alertness, wakefulness, and activation caused by activity in the Central Nervous System.
Primary Motivation - Need to belong
Belonging is a Need, Not a Want
It is one of our most fundamental needs and drives much of our motivation.
Humanistic Theory - Maslow’s Theory of Hierarchy of Needs
- Needs arranged in order of urgency.
- Explain range of human motivation.
Maslow thought that striving to become something or to do something meaningful in one’s life is essential for humans.
Love - a Motivational System
Love may be a goal-oriented state in a way that is similar to hunger and sex drives.
Love (Three major elements)
Intimacy
Commitment
Passion
Achievement Motivation
The drive to perform at high levels and to accomplish significant goals.
Three Components of Emotion
- thought and/or experience (cognitive appraisal)
- patterns of neural activity and physical arousal (physiological arousal)
- An observable behavioural expression (e.g., an emotional facial expression or changes in muscle tension)
The Autonomic Response
The sympathetic division prepares the body to respond to stress.
James-Lange Theory of Emotions
fear follows the physiological response.
For example, your heart was racing, which made you nervous about the noise.
Cannon-Bard Theory
Feeling of emotion (e.g., fear) occurs at same time as physiological arousal (e.g.,pounding heart).
Culture and Emotions
Though emotion has similarity across cultures, there are some important cultural differences.
Relatedness
Feeling connected with others, a need satisfied by forming meaningful bonds with other people such as family members, teammates, or colleagues at school and work
Autonomy
The need to feel in control of your own life
Competence
The ability to perform a task at a skill level that is satisfying to the individual
Amygdala
receives sensory input from the cortex, approximately 200 ms after an emotional stimulus appears
fires when we perceive emotion
