Chapter 11

Question 1

J/S composition?

Answer 1

Mostly H/He

Question 2

U/N composition?

Answer 2

Mostly hydrogen compounds
- water
- methane
- ammonia
Some H/He and rock

Question 3

How do jovian planets add mass?

Answer 3

By compressing the underlying layers
Greater compression is why Jupiter is not much larger that Saturn even though it is 3x more massive

Question 4

Why are jovian planets not quite spherical?

Answer 4

Their rapid rotation flings material outward near the equator

Question 5

What are jovian planets like on the inside?

Answer 5

• No solid surface
• Layers are under high pressure + temperatures
• Cores are made of hydrogen compounds, metals and rocks

Question 6

What is it like inside Jupiter?

Answer 6

• High pressure causes hydrogen to change in phases w the depth
• The core is thought to be made of hydrogen compounds, rock, and metals
• Core is about the size of Earth but 3x more massive

Question 7

The lower pressures inside U/N means what?

Answer 7

That there is no metallic hydrogen bc their pressure never gets high enough

Question 8

What is Jupiters internal heat like?

Answer 8

• Radiates twice as much energy as it receives from the Sun
• energy probably comes from slow contraction of interior

Question 9

What is Saturns internal heat like?

Answer 9

• Radiates twice as much energy as it receives from the Sun
• Energy probably comes from differentiation, helium rain

Question 10

What is Neptune’s internal heat look like

Answer 10

emits nearly twice as much energy as it
receives, but the source of that energy remains unknown

Question 11

What is Jupiter’s atmosphere like

Answer 11

• hydrogen compounds form clouds
• different cloud layers correspond to freezing point of different hydrogen compounds

Question 12

What are the other jovian atmosphere’s like?

Answer 12

Similar cloud layers to Jupiters
Different compounds makes the clouds different colors

Question 13

What makes Neptune/Uranus Blue?

Answer 13

The methane gas reflects blue light

Question 14

Do jovian planets have magneto-sphere’s

Answer 14

All jovian planets have substantial
magnetospheres, but Jupiter’s is the largest
by far

Question 15

Jupiter does not have a large metal core like the Earth. How can it have a magnetic field?

Answer 15

It has metallic hydrogen inside, which circulates and makes a magnetic field

Question 16

Small Moons

Answer 16

• less than 300 km
• no geo activity

Question 17

Medium Moons

Answer 17

• 300 - 1500 km
• past geo activity

Question 18

Large Moons

Answer 18

• larger than 1500 km
• ongoing geo activity

Question 19

How does Io get heated by Jupiter?

Answer 19

Tidal Resonance

Question 20

What is Titan’s atmosphere like?

Answer 20

• only moon to have a thick atmosphere
• mostly consistes of argon, methane and ethane
• have found liquid methane and ice

Question 21

Why are small icy moons more geologically active than small rocky planets?

Answer 21

Ice melts at lower temperatures.
Tidal heating can melt internal ice, driving activity.

Question 22

What are Saturn’s rings like?

Answer 22

They are actually made up of numerous,
tiny individual particles.
They orbit around Saturn’s equator.
They are very thin.

Question 23

Gap Moons

Answer 23

Some small moons create gap within the rings

Question 24

Shepherd Moons

Answer 24

A pair of small moons can force particles into a narrow ring

Question 25

Resonance Gaps

Answer 25

Orbital resonance with a larger moon can also produce a gap

Question 26

Jovian rings systems

Answer 26

All four jovian planets have ring systems. Others have much fainter ring systems with smaller, darker, less numerous particles. These are smaller, darker ring particles than Satur

Question 27

Why do the Jovian planets have rings?

Answer 27

They formed from dust created in impacts on moons orbiting those planets