Chapter 4

Question 1

Speed

Answer 1

The rate at which an object moves

Question 2

Velocity

Answer 2

The combination of speed and direction

Question 3

Acceleration

Answer 3

The rate at which an object’s velocity changes

Question 4

Earth’s Gravity

Answer 4

G = 9.8 m/s^2

Question 5

Momentum

Answer 5

The product of an object’s mass and velocity
m x v

Question 6

Force

Answer 6

Anything that can cause a change in momentum

Question 7

Net Force

Answer 7

Overall force to which an object responds
net force = mass x acceleration

Question 8

Angular Momentum

Answer 8

Momentum attributable to rotation/revolution

Question 9

Torque

Answer 9

A twisting force that can cause a change in an objects angular momentum

Question 10

Mass

Answer 10

The amount of matter in an object

Question 11

Weight

Answer 11

Force that is exerted on a mass

Question 12

Free Fall

Answer 12

Falling with no resistance

Question 13

Weightless

Answer 13

A weight of zero, occurs during free fall

Question 14

Newton’s First Law

Answer 14

An object moves in constant velocity if there is no net force acting upon it

Question 15

Newton’s Second Law

Answer 15

F =ma

Question 16

Newton’s Third Law

Answer 16

For any force there is an equal and opposite reaction

Question 17

Conservation of Momentum

Answer 17

In the absence of net force the total momentum of a system remains constant

Question 18

Conservation of Angular Momentum

Answer 18

The absence of net torque
The total average momentum of a system remains constant

Question 19

Rotational Angular Momentum

Answer 19

Rotational movement of an object

Question 20

Conservation of Energy

Answer 20

Energy can’t be created of destroyed, only have the form changed

Question 21

Kinetic Energy

Answer 21

Energy of Motion

Question 22

Radiative Energy

Answer 22

Energy of Light

Question 23

Potential Energy

Answer 23

Energy that might later convert into kinetic/radiative energy

Question 24

Joule

Answer 24

Unit of Energy

Question 25

Thermal Energy

Answer 25

The collective kinetic energy measured by temperature

Question 26

Temperature

Answer 26

The measure of the average kinetic energy in a substance

Question 27

Kelvin

Answer 27

The temperature scale defined with an absolute zero

Question 28

Gravitational Potential Energy

Answer 28

Energy that an object has by virtue of its position in a gravitational field

Question 29

Mass Energy

Answer 29

The potential energy for mass

Question 30

E = mc^2

Answer 30

E = amt. of potential energy m = mass c = the speed of light

Question 31

1st Universal Law of Gravitation

Answer 31

Every mass attracts another mass through gravity

Question 32

2nd Universal Law of Gravitation

Answer 32

The strength of gravitational force is directly proportional to the product of their masses

Question 33

3rd Universal Law of Gravitation

Answer 33

The strength of gravity between two objects decreases with the square of the distance between their centers

Question 34

Inverse Square Law

Answer 34

any scientific law stating that the observed "intensity" of a specified physical quantity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source of that physical quantity

Question 35

Fg = G(M1 x M2/d^2)

Answer 35

G = gravitational constant M1= mass of 1st object M2 = mass of 2nd object d = distance between them Fg= gravitational force

Question 36

Gravitational Constant

Answer 36

G = 6.67 x10^-11 m^3 (kg x s^2)

Question 37

Bound Orbits

Answer 37

An object travels repeatedly elliptical around another object

Question 38

Unbound Orbits

Answer 38

An object comes in toward a large body only once never to return

Question 39

Center of Mass

Answer 39

The point at which two/more orbiting objects would balance if they were somehow connected

Question 40

Orbital Energy

Answer 40

The sum of an orbiting objects kinetic and gravitational potential energies

Question 41

Gravitational Encounter

Answer 41

An encounter in which two/more object pass near enough that they each feel the effects of the other's gravity

Question 42

Atmospheric Drag

Answer 42

Friction can cause objects to lose their orbital energy

Question 43

Escape Velocity

Answer 43

the speed necessary for an object to completely escape the gravity of a large body

Question 44

Tidal Force

Answer 44

A force that occurs when the gravity pulling on the one side of an object is larger than on the other side causing the object to stretch

Question 45

Tidal Friction

Answer 45

Friction within an object that is caused by a tidal force

Question 46

Newton's idea that changed everything

Answer 46

The " One Universe"