Chapter 11

Question 0

Term used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatin during meiosis

Answer 0

Crossing over

Question 1

Term used to refer to chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome for the opposite-sex parent

Answer 1

Homozygous

Question 2

Diagram showing the relative locations of each known gene on a particular chromosome

Answer 2

Gene map

Question 3

Physical characteristics of an organism

Answer 3

Phenotype

Question 4

Sex cell

Answer 4

Gamete

Question 5

Scientific study of heredity

Answer 5

Genetics

Question 6

Likelihood that something will happen

Answer 6

Probability

Question 7

Containing one set of chromosomes

Answer 7

Haploid

Question 8

Chemical factor that determines traits

Answer 8

Gene

Question 9

Gene with more than two alleles

Answer 9

Multiple alleles

Question 10

Specific characteristic

Answer 10

Trait

Question 11

Plants that if left to self-pollinate, produce offspring identical to themselves are called _______-________

Answer 11

True-Breeding

Question 12

The process during sexual reproduction in which male and female sex cells join is called ________

Answer 12

Fertilization

Question 13

A cloned plant has a diploid chromosome number 12. what is the diploid chromosome number of the plant cell that was used to produce the cloned plant?

Answer 13

12

Question 14

In what process do male and female reproductive cells join during sexual reproduction?

Answer 14

Fertilization

Question 15

The separation of alleles during gamete formation is called

Answer 15

Segregation

Question 16

The process in which two genes segregate independently is called

Answer 16

Law of Independent assortment

Question 17

The offspring of crosses between parents with different traits are called

Answer 17

Hybrid

Question 18

The process of reduction division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half is called

Answer 18

Meiosis

Question 19

Hitchhiker’s thumb (H) is dominant to no hitchhiker’s thumb (h). A women who does not have hitchhiker’s thumb marries a man who is heterozygous for hitchhiker’s thumb. What is the probable genotypic ratio of their children?

Answer 19

50%Hh:50%hh

Question 20

What is an example of codominance in genetic traits?

Answer 20

A white rabbit and a black rabbit produce white-and-black rabbits

Question 21

In pea plants, yellow seeds (Y) are dominant over green seeds (y). A scientist is studying two plants with yellow seeds. What must be true about the plants?

Answer 21

The plants have the same phenotype

Question 22

What is an advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?

Answer 22

It creates a genetically mixed population of offspring.

Question 23

In a certain type of mouse the phenotype gray is produced when a white mouse is crossed with a black mouse. This is an example of incomplete dominance. If two gray mice are crossed, what will be the phenotypes of the offspring?

Answer 23

25% black, 50% gray, 25% white

Question 24

Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits.

Answer 24

Hybrid

Question 25

Containing a single set of chromosomes

Answer 25

Haploid

Question 26

Process of reduction division.

Answer 26

Meiosis

Question 27

Organisms that self-pollinate producing offspring identical to themselves are _______-__________

Answer 27

True-breeding

Question 28

Although organisms with the same physical characteristics have the same ______ they might have different _______, or genetic makeup.

Answer 28

Phenotypes, genotype

Question 29

According to principle known as ________ ______ genes that segregate independently do not influence each other's inheritance

Answer 29

Independent assortment

Question 30

______ ____ results in the exchange of alleles and produce new combinations of alleles.

Answer 30

Crossing over

Question 31

Organisms that have identical alleles for a particular trait are

Answer 31

Homozygous

Question 32

An organism that has an allele for brown eyes and an allele for blue eyes

Answer 32

Heterozygous

Question 33

Genes that have more than two alleles have

Answer 33

Multiple alleles

Question 34

Traits controlled by two or more genes are

Answer 34

Polygenic traits

Question 35

What type of cell has two sets of chromosomes?

Answer 35

Diploid

Question 36

There are four chromatids in a

Answer 36

Tetrad

Question 37

Straight leaves are dominant to curly leaves. A testcross was done on a straight-leaved plant to determine its genotype. For the testcross to be successful, what would the genotype of the second plant need to be?

Answer 37

Homozygous recessive

Question 38

What term best describes the type of cell division in which parent cells produce daughter cells with the half the number of chromosomes as the parent cells?

Answer 38

Meiosis

Question 39

Several matings between the same male black guinea pig and females brown guinea pig produce a total of 12 brown and 14 black guinea pigs. If black is dominant and brown is recessive, what are the genotypes of the parents?

Answer 39

Bb x bb

Question 40

What is an example of asexual reproduction?

Answer 40

Bacteria going through binary fission.

Question 41

Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to be

Answer 41

Homozygous

Question 42

A a flower produces 100 seeds. White flower color is dominant. 77 seeds produce white plants and 23 produce blue plants. What best describes this outcome?

Answer 42

Both parents are heterozygous

Question 43

Which statement explains how two individuals can have the same phenotype with different genotypes?

Answer 43

One is homozygous dominant and one is heterozygous