Chapter 12

Question 0

Process in which DNA makes a copy of itself

Answer 0

Replication

Question 1

A process in which one strain of bacteria changes into another one

Answer 1

Transformation

Question 2

Protein that DNA wraps around in eukaryotic chromosomes

Answer 2

Histone

Question 3

Virus that infects bacteria

Answer 3

Bacteriophage

Question 4

Signal in DNA that indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA

Answer 4

Promoter

Question 5

A change in genetic material

Answer 5

Mutation

Question 6

Sections of RNA molecules that are removed before a eukaryotic gene becomes functional

Answer 6

Introns

Question 7

A group of genes that operate together

Answer 7

Operon

Question 8

Three nucleotides that specify a single amino acid to be added to a polypeptide

Answer 8

Codon

Question 9

Process in which cells become specialized in structure and function

Answer 9

Differentiation

Question 10

The principal enzyme involved in DNA replication

Answer 10

DNA polymerase

Question 11

Condition of having extra sets of chromosomes

Answer 11

Polyploidy

Question 12

A _______ is made up of three parts: a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Answer 12

Nucleotide

Question 13

The principle of _____ ______ states that hydrogen bonds can form only between certain bases in DNA

Answer 13

Base paring

Question 14

Eukaryotic chromosomes contain both DNA and protein tightly packed together to form a substance called _______

Answer 14

Chromation

Question 15

During the process of _______,RNA molecules are produced by copying part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA into a, complementary sequence in RNA

Answer 15

Transcription

Question 16

A strand of DNA with the sequence ACTTG serves as a template to form a corresponding sequence with a TGAAC pattern. During which process would this activity occur?

Answer 16

Replication

Question 17

Which cell organelle is the site of protein synthesis?

Answer 17

Ribosome

Question 18

Which type of RNA transmits information from DNA during protein synthesis

Answer 18

Messenger RNA

Question 19

In a DNA molecule,which of the strands below is complementary to the segment ATCTGATC?

Answer 19

TAGACTAG

Question 20

Which molecule is responsible for transporting amino acids to the ribosomes?

Answer 20

tRNA

Question 21

Which of the following is one way that RNA is different from DNA

Answer 21

RNA contains uracil rather than thymine

Question 22

Thymine makes up 32% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA. What percentage of the nucleotides therefore is guanine?

Answer 22

18%

Question 23

Which of the following best describes the process of translation?

Answer 23

Assembling protein molecules from the information encoded in mRNA

Question 24

Where does DNA replication begin?

Answer 24

Simultaneously at many points along the DNA molecule.

Question 25

A section of DNA has the base sequence TAGATCG. What will be the base sequence of the mRNA strand?

Answer 25

AUCUACGC

Question 26

Which is the best meaning for the term transcription?

Answer 26

Writing out

Question 27

What did the original DNA that produced an mRNA strand with a sequence of AGUACA look like?

Answer 27

TCATGT

Question 28

Transcription is the process of DNA acting as a template for creating an mRNA molecule. Where does this occur?

Answer 28

In the nucleus

Question 29

Before a cell goes through either mitosis or meiosis, which process must be carried out by the DNA in the nucleus?

Answer 29

Replication

Question 30

A sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base form the building blocks of which organic compound?

Answer 30

Nucleic acids