Chapter 11

Question 1

Sentencing

Answer 1

The imposition of a criminal sanction by a judicial authority.

Question 2

Retribution

Answer 2

The acto of taking revenge on a criminal perpetrator.

Question 3

Just Deserts

Answer 3

Criminal deserves the punishment they receive, and that the punishment is appropriate.

Question 4

Incapacitation

Answer 4

The use of imprisonment to reduce the likelihood that an offender will commit future offenses.

Question 5

Deterrence

Answer 5

A goal of criminal sentencing that seeks to inhibit criminal behavior through the fear of punishment.

Question 6

Specific Deterrence

Answer 6

A goal of criminal sentencing that seeks to prevent a particular offender from engaging in repeat criminality.

Question 7

General Deterrence

Answer 7

A goal of criminal sentencing that seeks to prevent other from committing crimes similar to the one for which a particular offender is being sentenced by making an example of the person sentenced.

Question 8

Rehabilitation

Answer 8

The attempt to reform a criminal offender. Also, the state which a reformed offender is said to be.

Question 9

Restoration

Answer 9

A goal of criminal sentencing that attempts to make the victim “whole again”

Question 10

Restorative Justice (RJ)

Answer 10

A sentencing model that builds on restitution and community participation in an attempt to make the victim “whole again”

Question 11

Indeterminate Sentencing

Answer 11

A model of criminal punishment that encourages rehabilitation through the use of general and relatively unspecific sentences (such as term of imprisonment of from one to ten years”

Question 12

Gain Time

Answer 12

Time deducted from a prison sentence, from projects or programs.

Question 13

Good Time

Answer 13

Time deducted for good behavior.

Question 14

Proportionality

Answer 14

Should bear a direct relationship to the seriousness of the crime committed.

Question 15

Equity

Answer 15

Same crime, same time.

Question 16

Social Debt

Answer 16

Criminal history should be taken into account during sentencing.

Question 17

Structured Sentencing

Answer 17

A model of criminal punishment that includes dererminate and commission-created presumptive sentencing schemes, as well as voluntary/advisory sentencing guidelines.

Question 18

Determinate Sentencing

Answer 18

Fixed term that may be reduced by gain time or good time.

Question 19

Voluntary/Advisory Sentencing Guidelines

Answer 19

Recommended sentencing policies that are not required by law.

Question 20

Presumptive Sentencing

Answer 20

Appropriate model of sentencing.

Question 21

Aggravating Circumstances

Answer 21

Circumastances relating to the commission of a crime that make it more grave then the average instance of that crime.

Question 22

Mitigating Circumstances

Answer 22

reduce the blameworthiness of the defendant.

Question 23

Truth is Sentencing

Answer 23

Sentence vs the time actually served.

Question 24

Mandatory Sentencing

Answer 24

Structured sentencing scheme that allows no leeway in the nature of the sentence.

Question 25

Diversion

Answer 25

Suspension of a criminal, release without referral.

Question 26

Alterante Sentencing

Answer 26

Non traditional crimes. Ex: Community service, home detention, drug treatment etc.

Question 27

Pre-sentence Investigation (PSI)

Answer 27

Exam of offenders background, done by probation or parole officers.

Question 28

Victim-impact Statement

Answer 28

In-court use of victim or survivor-supplied information.

Question 29

Capital Punishment

Answer 29

The death penalty.

Question 30

Capital Offense

Answer 30

Criminal offense punishable by death.

Question 31

Writ of habeas corpus

Answer 31

A writ that directs the the person detaining a prisoner so bring hime or her before a judicial officer to determinate the lawfulness of the imprisonment.