Chapter 11 Flashcards
(29 cards)
Auburn model
System that allowed prisoners to work and eat together during the day and housed them in individual cells at night
Moral architecture
Used to describe the design of the first penitentiary in Canada
The intent of which was to reflect themes of order and morality
Strict silent system was imposed
Minimum and medium security institutions
Min- federal facilities that generally have no perimeter fencing and allow unrestricted movement except at night
Medium- less highly controlled institutional environment than max and in which inmates have more freedom
Maximum security institutions
Highly controlled institutional environment and high security fencing. Strictly controlled and monitored.
Static security
Includes perimeter fencing video surveillance and alarms as well as security posts
Dynamic security
Includes ongoing interaction beyond observation between officers and inmates. Working with and speaking with them. Making suggesting and providing info
Challenges of correctional institutions
All aspects of life conducted in the same place, tightly schedules and controlled.
Asked to pursue conflicting goals
They are political and public institutions
Technology reduces contact between the correctional staff and inmates
Continuum of correctional institutions
Differences in institutional environments among correctional institutions located at either minimum or max
Like size management style security classification and either federal or provincial
Wardens job
Meeting requirement of legislation and policy
Being accountable for their decisions
Being aware of the requirement of the rule of law, act fairly, manage staff and issues in the inmate population.
Problems in maximum security
High rates of alcohol and drug problems Unstable work histories Violent offenses High diseases like aids and hepatitis. Substance abuse Aboriginal
Overcrowding
Result of changes in sentencing patterns, increase in long term inmates,reluctance of parole boards, absence of new fatalities
Can heighten tensions
Challenges of special inmate population
Senior- more likely to be convicted of violent and sexual offenses, chronic disease that require special attention 20 of federal
Mental illness- require treatment. 35% of federal
Fetal alcohol syndrome- symptoms include violence aggression and learning disabilities ten time that of general population
Inmate gangs
Have their origins in the community and that important their affiliations and tactics into correctional institutions. Estimated that one in six inmates is affiliated with a known gang
Protective custody
Section of prison that holds inmates who are at risk in the general population. May include inmates who have snitches or testified or who have drug debts
Female offenders
1 in 10 offenders
Women in federal has increase 40%
Admitted to custody for violent crimes.
Gang affiliated.
Have been the victims of physical and sexual abuse, exhibit eating disorders depression and sleep disorders.
Greater physical health and mental health needs
Arbour report
14 recommendations including cross gender staffing and needs for women
Stated that it is forbidden for males to be around when female inmates are being strip searched
Correctional officers
Centers on control and enforcement of regulations while assisting inmates in efforts to access programs and services.
Courses developed so they are sensitive to women’s issues and unique needs
General profile of inmates
Make young single poorly educated and marginally skilled. Disproportionately black and aboriginal
Problem skills minimal
Homeless
Deprivations experience by inmates
Loss of Liberty and access to goods and services
Personal security
Loss of personal relationships and social networks
Personal belongings
Inmate subculture
Patterns of interaction and the relationships that exist among inmates confined in correctional institutions
State raised offenders
Inmates who have spent the majority of their adult lives confined in institutions and may neither have the skills not ability to function in the outside free community
Three major trends in offender classification and treatment
1) increasing use of sophisticated risk and needs assessment instrument
2) increasing domination of treatment research policy and programs
3) differentiates treatment approach for women
Static risk factors
Include the offenders criminal history and prior convictions, the seriousness and whether they completed supervision in the community.
Predict the likelihood of recidivism
Dynamic risk factors
Attributes that can be altered through intervention including level of education and employment
Addictions issues and cognitive thinking abilities
