Chapter 11

Question 1

Invertebrates

Answer 1

Does not have a back bone

Question 2

Vertebrates

Answer 2

Has a back bone

Question 3

Animal kingdom phylum

Answer 3

1) Porifera ( giant sponge vase)
2) Cnidaria ( jelly fish hydra)
3) Platyhelminthes ( Turbellaria, flukes)
4) nematoda ( hookworm, pink worm)
5) Rotifera ( Rotifers)
6) Annelida ( earthworms, leaches )
7) mollusca ( snails, clams)
8) Anthropoda ( insects, crab, mites )
9) Echinodermata ( starfish, sea )
10) Chordata ( fish , amphibians)

Question 4

Cephalization

Answer 4

The concentration of nerve tissue and receptors at the anterior end of an animal body

Question 5

Sessile

Answer 5

Not capable of independent movement. Sessile animals remain fixed in one place throughout their adult lives

Question 6

Motile

Answer 6

Capable of movement . Motile animals are able to move from place to place by expending cellular energy

Question 7

Hermaphroditic

Answer 7

Sharing both male and female sex cells

Question 8

Larva

Answer 8

An intermediate form that an organism goes through to achieve adult form. Tadpoles are larval frogs

Question 9

Metamorphoses

Answer 9

A series of stages that an organism goes through, from egg to adult

Question 10

Nematocysts

Answer 10

Stinging capsules that aid in the capture of prey

Question 11

Scolex

Answer 11

The knob like head of a tapeworm

Question 12

Proglotttids

Answer 12

The segment like divisions of a tapeworms body

Question 13

Segmentation

Answer 13

The repetition of body units that contain some similar structures

Question 14

Nephridia

Answer 14

Open-ended tubules that function in extraction

Question 15

Clitellum

Answer 15

A smooth swollen band found about on third of a way along the body of some Annelids. It secretes a protective covering for the eggs

Question 16

Dioecious

Answer 16

Describes organism in which the male and female reproductive organs or Gonalds are carried by separate individuals

Question 17

Endoskeleton

Answer 17

An internal skeleton

Question 18

Exoskeleton

Answer 18

A tough outer covering or cuticle that provides protection and support to an organism

Question 19

Animal kingdom

Answer 19

Had 10 major phylum

Divide into 2 groups invertebrates and vertebrates

Question 20

Body symmetry

Answer 20

• radial or bilateral symmetry
• relates to lifestyle and brain development
• higher brain development

Question 21

Phylum Porifera ( sponges )

Answer 21

Sessile
Irregular shape 
No mouth or digestive cavity
Marine and freshwater
Cells are specialized but not arranged in tissues and organs

Question 22

Porifera feeding

Answer 22

Inside of body cavity lined with flagellated collar cells
Flagella aid in creating water currents that move water and small particles contained within it into the sponge through the small pores on the side
Wastes are carried out via the open market he of the sponge called osculum

Question 23

Phylum Cnidaria

Answer 23

Jellyfish hydra
Medusoid form ( motile) and polyp( sessile) form in life cycle of some organisms
Radial symmetry
Marine with a few fresh water

Question 24

Worm phyla

Answer 24

1) Platyhelminthes ( lacking a coelom )
2) Nematoda ( no peritoneum covering the body cavity )
3) Annelida ( having a true coelom)

Question 25

Phylum Platyhelminthes ( flatworms)

Answer 25

``` Bilateral symmetry and Cephalization Primitive brain Have mesoderm Rudimentary organs systems for digestion and excretion Free living or parasitic Marine or fresh water Mouth but no anus ```

Question 26

Free living flatworms

Answer 26

Reproduction - asexual Can regenerate complete organisms from fragments -sexual Hermaphroditic Reproductive system present only during breeding season

Question 27

Phylum nermatoda ( roundworms

Answer 27

Most are small free living harmless some are parasitic Simplest organisms to have complete digestion tract ( mouth and anus ) All habitats Nervous system No respiratory or circular system

Question 28

Phylum Annelids (segmented worms)

Answer 28

``` Simplest animals that have a coelom Considered higher invertebrates Terrestrial and aquatic Circulatory , digestion, reproductive, excretory, and nervous system Segmented body ```

Question 29

Earth worm ( digestive system )

Answer 29

Food from mouth sent backwards by contractions of muscular pharynx to the crop where food is temporarily stored Food moves to the gizzard for grinding Undigested matter soil particles passed onto intestines Food expelled through the anus

Question 30

Earth worm ( circulatory system)

Answer 30

Extensive network of blood vessels that branch and become smaller to form capillary beds No central heart Thickened muscular blood vessels in the anterior region act as pumps Closed circulatory system

Question 31

Earthworm nervous system

Answer 31

``` Dorsal ganglion ( brain ) Cells scattered in the body that receive chemical, mechanical and light stimuli ```

Question 32

Earth worm reproductive system

Answer 32

Hermaphroditic No self fertilization Clitellum procedures a cocoon around eggs to protect them Small worms emerge from cocoon

Question 33

Phylum Mollusca

Answer 33

``` Three largest classes: -Gastropoda ( snail,slugs) - bivalves ( clams, oysters) - cephalopod ( squids, octopus) The shell presents in many forms All habitats Have coelom Complete digestive tract Bilaterally symmetrical at least during one part of their lives ```

Question 34

Phylum Arthropoda

Answer 34

Insects, crabs, mites, ticks, spiders, centipede All habitats and modes of life, including parasitism Segmented body, some segments may be fused; jointed appendages; external skeleton Highly specialized jointed appendages have sensory functions or are used in food manipulation

Question 35

Anthropoda nervous system

Answer 35

Increased brain size | Various sensory organs

Question 36

Anthropoda digestive system

Answer 36

``` Has three basic parts 1) foregut 2) midgut 3) hind gut Reproduction ( external fertilization) ```

Question 37

Anthropoda circulatory system

Answer 37

Blood bathing the tissues in spaces or sinuses Heart and arteries deliver blood to the body and sinuses Book lungs in some terrestrial forms Some have tracheal system

Question 38

Phylum echinoderm

Answer 38

``` Starfish, sea cucumber, sea urchins Sessile, sand burrowing or slow moving Pentamerous radial symmetry Bilateral symmetrical larval stage Marine ```

Question 39

Phylum Chordata

Answer 39

``` Fish,amphibians,reptiles,birds,mammals All organisms that at some point in the development have - a notochord - hollow dorsal nerve tub - tail the extend beyond anus - muscular tube called pharynx ```