Chapter 11 Flashcards

(55 cards)

1
Q

Scar tissue enhances in the lumbar spine shortly after the injection of contrast (T or F)

A

true

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2
Q

Select all of the following that were discussed as possible MR contrast agents in the text.

A

Dilute barium solutions
Gadolinium
Mango juice
Blueberry juice

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3
Q

Choose all of the following that enhancement agents can be useful in detecting

A

Infarction
Tumors
Infection
Inflammation

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4
Q

When using gadolinium, the T1 relaxation time of the water is reduced so enhancing lesions (such as tumors associated with free water) appear bright on a T1 weighted image. (T or F)

A

True

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5
Q

Which sequence would be used to best visualize metastatic lesions in the bone?

A

Fat saturation techniques with contrast

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6
Q

Gadolinium chelates are ferromagnetic.

A

False

They are paramagnetic

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7
Q

On a T1 weighted pre-contrast image, fat appears _____ and water appears _____.

A

Bright, Dark

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8
Q

All gadolinium contrast agents have the same ‘relaxivity’. (T or F)

A

False

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9
Q

Gadolinium element is ________ and gadolinium chelate contrast media is ________.

A

Ferromagnetic/paramagnetic

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10
Q

T1 time, T2 time

A

intrinsic

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11
Q

pulse sequence type

A

extrinsic

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12
Q

There are no known contraindications to gadolinium contrast. (T or F)

A

False

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13
Q

Gadolinium cannot cross the intact blood-brain barrier (BBB). (T or F)

A

true
however it can pass through breakdowns in the BBB, hence why it is so useful in detecting pathology in the brain and spinal cord.

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14
Q

After gadolinium administration, it is recommended that which images are acquired?

A

Multiple T1 weighted images

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15
Q

Enhanced MR images are evaluated for sensitivity and specificity, where sensitivity is ________ and specificity is ________.

A

The ability to detect the lesion/the ability to classify the lesion

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16
Q

Gadolinium cannot cross the ___ blood-brain barrier; however, gadolinium is valuable in imaging the CNS because of its ability to pass through ___ in the blood-brain barrier.

A

intact, breakdowns

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17
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Gadolinium can be used as a T1 and a T2 enhancement agent.

A

True

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18
Q

What is the recommended dose of gadolinium?

A
  1. 1 mmol/kg

0. 2ml/kg

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19
Q

Which of the following are contrast agent helpful in detecting

A
inflammation
infarction
contrast-enhanced MRA
tumors
post operation spinal surgery
infection
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20
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Breast lesions that “wash-in” and “wash-out” rapidly are thought to be malignant.

A

True

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21
Q

TRUE or FALSE: It is acceptable to inject every patient with a standard dose of 10mL.

A

true and false

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22
Q

TRUE or FALSE: To comply with the ACR recommendations, a facility must have a doctor present during an injection of any contrast agent.

A

True

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23
Q

Which is true concerning NSF?

A

symptoms may not present for several days-weeks
fatal condition, no cure
bark-like skin condition
affects other organs, too

24
Q

As an element, gadolinium is ___; however, when used as a contrast agent gadolinium is ___.

A

ferromagnetic, paramagnetic

25
how do lesions appear w gad on T1
bright lesions
26
how do lesions appear w gad on T2
dark lesions
27
Which series is usually performed after contrast injection?
T1
28
helium
may be used for imaging of the lung
29
manganese
may be used for liver
30
blueberry and mango juice
make bowel dark on T2 images
31
dilute barium
make bowel bright on T1 images
32
air
given via rectum to see prostate or uterus
33
Why is timing essential when imaging the liver seen on first pass
malignant lesions seen
34
Why is timing essential when imaging the liver second pass
liver and lesion are hypointense
35
Why is timing essential when imaging the liver third pass
benign lesions seen
36
magnetic susceptiblity
ability of external MF to affect the nucleus of an atom or magnetize it
37
relaxivity
effect of a substance on its relaxation rate
38
chelate
bound to other chemicals
39
perfusion
delivery of blood to tissues
40
half life for gadonlinium for pt with normal renal function
approx. 2 hours
41
Gd-BOPTA
has higher relaxativity than gad
42
initially enhances on post op pt
scar
43
enhances after approx 30 minutes on post op pt
disc
44
intrinsic
T1 time, T2 time, PD of a tissue
45
extrinsic
TR, TE, TI, flip angle
46
parameters which can not controlled
instrinsic
47
parameters which can be controlled
extrinsic
48
sensitivity
ability to detect a lesion
49
specificity
ability to classify a lesion
50
relaxivity
effect of substances on relaxaivity rate
51
chelates
affinity for metal ions
52
perfusion
delivery of blood
53
chelates
binds to sites of the metal ions, increases safety
54
Biological half life of gadolinium
less than 2 hours
55
why check for renal insufficiency
NSF