Chapter 11

Question 1

Parallel muscles when ______ causes muscle to bulge.

Answer 1

Contracts.

Question 2

4 patterns of fascicle organization?

Answer 2

Parallel.
Convergent.
Pennate.
Circular.

Question 3

Parallel muscles define.

one example.

Answer 3

fibers parallel to the long axis of muscle.

biceps brachii.

Question 4

Muscle fibers pull in different directions, depending on stimulation.

Answer 4

Convergent muscles.

Question 5

example of convergent muscle.

Answer 5

Pectoralis major.

Question 6

Define convergent muscle.

Answer 6

Broad area converges on attachment site ( tendon, aponeurosis, or raphe).

Question 7

Three types of pennate muscles.

Answer 7

Unipennate.
bipennate.
Multipennate.

Question 8

Unipennate muscles.

example.

Answer 8

fibers on one side of tendon.

Extensor digitorum.

Question 9

Bipennate muscles.

example.

Answer 9

fibers on both sides of tendon.

Rectus femoris.

Question 10

Multipennate muscles, example.

Answer 10

tendon branches within muscle.

Deltoid.

Question 11

Circular muscles are also called….

Answer 11

Sphincters.

Question 12

Function of sphincter (circular muscles).

Example.

Answer 12

Open and close to guard entrances of body.

Obicularis Oris.

Question 13

Skeletal muscles attach to skeleton and produce ______.

Answer 13

motion.

Question 14

Types of muscle ______ affects power, range, and speed of muscle movement.

Answer 14

attachment.

Question 15

Mechanically, each bone is a ______.

Answer 15

Lever.

Question 16

Mechanically, each joint is a _______.

Answer 16

fulcrum (a fixed point).

Question 17

Muscles provide _________, required to overcome resistance.

Answer 17

Applied Force.

Question 18

3 functions of a lever to change:

Answer 18

direction of an applied force.
distance and speed of movement produced by an applied force.
effective strength of an applied force.

Question 19

What does each class of levers depend on for identification?

Answer 19

The relationship between applied force, fulcrum, and resistance.

Question 20

3 classes of levers?

Answer 20

first.
second.
third.

Question 21

Seesaw is an example of which lever?

Answer 21

First class.

Question 22

Describe first class lever.

Answer 22

Center fulcrum between applied force and resistance.

Question 23

In a first class lever, what are balanced?

Answer 23

Force and resistance.

Question 24

Wheelbarrow is an example of which lever?

Answer 24

Second class.

Question 25

Describe second class levers.

Answer 25

Center resistance between applied force and fulcrum.

Question 26

A small force moves large weight describes which lever?

Answer 26

Second class.

Question 27

Most common levers in the body.

Answer 27

Third class.

Question 28

Describe third class levers.

Answer 28

Center applied force between resistance and fulcrum.

Question 29

Greater force moves smaller resistance describes which levers?

Answer 29

Third class.

Question 30

Which lever maximizes speed and distance travelled?

Answer 30

Third class.

Question 31

An agonist does what?

Answer 31

Produces a particular movement.

Question 32

An antagonist does what?

Answer 32

Oppose movement of a particular agonist.

Question 33

A smaller muscle that assists a larger agonist

Answer 33

synergist.

Question 34

Helps start motion or stabilize origin of agonist (fixator)

Answer 34

Synergist.

Question 35

Agonist and antagonists work in ______

Answer 35

pairs.

Question 36

When an agonist or antagonist contracts, the other ______.

Answer 36

stretches.

Question 37

Two divisions of muscular system.

Answer 37

Axial muscles. | Appendicular muscles.

Question 38

3 characteristics of axial muscles.

Answer 38

Position head and spinal column. Move rib cage. 60% of skeletal muscles.

Question 39

Which muscular system is back, torso, head, and face.

Answer 39

Axial.

Question 40

3 characteristics of appendicular muscles?

Answer 40

Support pectoral and pelvic girdles. Support limbs. 40% of skeletal muscles.

Question 41

Which muscular system makes up the extremities?

Answer 41

Appendicular.

Question 42

6 muscle groups of the head and neck.

Answer 42

``` Muscles of facial expression. Extrinsic eye muscles. Muscles of mastication . Muscles of tongue. Muscles of Pharynx. Anterior muscles of the neck. ```

Question 43

Muscle group that move the mandible?

Answer 43

Muscles of mastication.

Question 44

Muscle group with names that end in glossus.

Answer 44

Muscles of tongue.

Question 45

Muscle group that begins swallowing process.

Answer 45

Muscles of the pharynx.

Question 46

Muscle group that originates on skull.

Answer 46

Muscles of facial expression.

Question 47

Muscle group that originates on surface of orbit.

Answer 47

Extrinsic eye muscles.

Question 48

Muscle group that controls position of larynx, depresses mandible, and supports tongue and pharynx.

Answer 48

Anterior muscles of the neck.

Question 49

3 muscles of mastication.

Answer 49

Masseter. Temporalis. Pterygoid.

Question 50

The strongest jaw muscle.

Answer 50

Masseter.

Question 51

Helps lift the mandible.

Answer 51

Temporalis.

Question 52

Position mandible for chewing, focused on alignment, deep to the masseter.

Answer 52

Pterygoid.