chapter 11

Question 1

personality

Answer 1

unique and relatively stable ways in which people think, feel and behave

Question 2

character

Answer 2

value judgements of a persons moral and ethical behavior

Question 3

temperament

Answer 3

enduring characteristics with which person is born

Question 4

unconscious mind

Answer 4

level of mind in which thoughts feelings memories and other info are kept that are not easily or boluntarily brought into consciousness

Question 5

pleasure principle

Answer 5

principle by which the id functions ; the immediate satisfaction of needs without regard for the consequences

Question 6

ego

Answer 6

part of personality that develops out of a meed to deal with reality , mostly conscious rational and logical

Question 7

reality principle

Answer 7

principle by which ego functions the satisfaction of the demands of the id only when negative consequences will not result

Question 8

superego

Answer 8

part of personality that acts as a moral center

Question 9

conscience

Answer 9

part of a superego that produces pride or guilt , depending how acceptable behavior is

Question 10

fixation

Answer 10

disorder, person does not fully resolve conflict in a particular psychosexual stage resulting in personality traits and behavior associated with that earlier stage

Question 11

psychosexual stages

Answer 11

five stages of personality development proposed by freud and ties to sexual developmemt of child

Question 12

oral stage

Answer 12

first stage in first year of life in which mouth is erogenous zone and weaning is primary conflict

Question 13

anal stage

Answer 13

second stage occurring from ab 1-3 which anus is erogenous zone and toilet training is source of conflict

Question 14

anal expulsive personality

Answer 14

person fixated in anal stage who is meat fussy stingy and stubborn

Question 15

anal retentive personality

Answer 15

a person fixated in the anal stage who is neat fussy stingy and stubborn

Question 16

phallic stage

Answer 16

third stage occuring from about 3-6 which child discovers sexual feelings

Question 17

oedipus complex

Answer 17

occurs in phallic stage which child develops sexual attraction to opposite sex parent and jealousy of same sex parent

Question 18

latency

Answer 18

4th stage during school years in which sexual feelings of child are repressed while child develops in other ways

Question 19

psychoanalysis

Answer 19

freuds term for both theory of personality and thwrapy based on it

Question 20

neo freudians

Answer 20

followers of freud who develop their own competing psychodynamic theories

Question 21

personal unconscious

Answer 21

jungs name for unconscious mind as described by freud

Question 22

collective unconscious

Answer 22

jungs name for memories shared by all members of human species

Question 23

archetypes

Answer 23

jungs collective univseral human memories

Question 24

basic anxiety

Answer 24

when child is born into bigger and more powerful world of older children and adults

Question 25

neirotic personalities

Answer 25

typified by maladaptive ways of dealing with relationships in horneys theory

Question 26

habits

Answer 26

behaviorism sets of well learned responses that have become automatic

Question 27

social cofnitive learning theorists

Answer 27

theorists whk emphasize importance of both influences of other peoples behavior and of a persons own expectancies of learning

Question 28

social cognitive view

Answer 28

learning theory including cognitive processes suxh as anticipating judging memory and imitation of models

Question 29

reciprocal determinism

Answer 29

banduras explanation of how factors of environment personal characteristics and behavior can interact to determine future behavior

Question 30

self efficacy

Answer 30

indiciduals expectancy of how effective theyre efforts to accomplish goal will be in any circumstance

Question 31

locus of control

Answer 31

tendency for people to assume that they either have control of do not over events and consequences in their lives

Question 32

expectancy

Answer 32

persons subjective feeling that a particular behavior will lead to a reinforcing consequence

Question 33

humanistic perspective

Answer 33

third force in psychology that focuses on those aspects of personality that make people uniquely human such as subjective feelings and freedom of choice

Question 34

self actualizing tendency

Answer 34

striving to fulfill ones innate capacities and capabilities

Question 35

self concept

Answer 35

image of oneself of their own personal characteristics and level of functioning

Question 36

real self

Answer 36

ones perception of actual | characteristics traits and abilities

Question 37

ideal self

Answer 37

ones perception of whom one should be or would be like

Question 38

positive regard

Answer 38

warmth affection love and respect that come from significant others in ones life

Question 39

unconditional positive regard postive

Answer 39

regard givin w out conditions or strings attatched

Question 40

conditional positive regard

Answer 40

positive regard given only when person is doing what providers of positive regard wish

Question 41

fully functioning person

Answer 41

person who is in touch with and trusting of deepest innermost urges and feelings

Question 42

surface traits

Answer 42

aspects of personality that can be easily be seen by other people in outward actions of person

Question 43

source traits

Answer 43

more badic traits that underlie the surface traits forming core of personality

Question 44

introversion

Answer 44

dimension of personality in which people tend to withdraw from excessive stimulation

Question 45

fige factor model

Answer 45

modell of personality traits describing five basic traits

Question 46

openness

Answer 46

one of tje five factors willjngness to try mew things and be open to new experiences

Question 47

conscientiousness

Answer 47

care a person gives to organization and thoughtfulness of others and dependability

Question 48

extraversion

Answer 48

dimension of personality referring to ones need to be with other people

Question 49

extraverts

Answer 49

outgoing and sociable

Question 50

introverts

Answer 50

prefer solitude and dislike attention

Question 51

agreeableness

Answer 51

emotional style of person that may range from easygoing friendly and like able to grumpy crabby and unpleasent

Question 52

neuroticism

Answer 52

degree of emotional instability and stability

Question 53

trait situation interaction

Answer 53

assumption that particular circumstances of any given situation will influence way in which trait is expressed

Question 54

interview

Answer 54

personality assessment in which professional asks questions of client and allows client to answer in a structured and unstructered fashion

Question 55

halo effect

Answer 55

tendency of an interviewer to allow positive characteristics of a client to unfluemce the assessments of clients behavior and statements

Question 56

projection

Answer 56

defense mechanism involving placing or projecting ones own unacceptable thoughts onot others as if the thoughts actually belonged to those others and not to onself

Question 57

projective tests

Answer 57

personality assessments that present ambiguous visual stimuli to client and ask client to respond with whatever comes to mind

Question 58

roscchach inkblot test

Answer 58

projectove test that ises 10 inkblots as the ambiguous stimuli

Question 59

thematic apperception test

Answer 59

projectove test that uses 20 pictures of people in ambigious situations as the visual stimuli

Question 60

subjective

Answer 60

referring to concepts and impressions that are only valid within a particular persons perception and may be influenced by biases prejudice and personal experiences

Question 61

direct observation

Answer 61

assessment ; professional observes client engaged in ordinary day to day behavior in clinical or natural settinf

Question 62

ranting scale

Answer 62

test in which mumerical value is assigned to specific behavior that is listed in scale

Question 63

frequency count

Answer 63

test in which frequency of a particilar behavior os counted