Chapter 11

Question 1

motivation

Answer 1

concerns the physiological and psychological processes underlying the initiation of behaviours that direct organisms toward specific goals

Question 2

______ is the link between situation and behaviour

Answer 2

motivation

Question 3

what are the two types of motives?

Answer 3

biological and social

Question 4

what is the drive theory?

Answer 4

the biological trigger indicating we may be deprived of something so we should seek what we require

Question 5

______ push people to act while ________ pull people to act

Answer 5

drives

incentives

Question 6

incentive

Answer 6

environmental stimuli sought out to reduce drives

Question 7

allostasis

Answer 7

the impact of stress on homeostasis

Question 8

homeostasis

Answer 8

process that allow the body’s physiological balance

Question 9

how does hunger arise?

Answer 9

from activity in lower brain regions, psychological (cognitive) factors, and social factors

Question 10

how do the regions of the hypothalamus influence hunger

Answer 10

lateral hypothalamus = hunger

ventromedial region = hunger off

Question 11

when are the pleasure centers in the brain activated?

Answer 11

when the tongue’s fat receptors are activated

Question 12

how do blood glucose levels affect hunger?

Answer 12

low blood glucose = hunger

high blood glucose = hunger off

Question 13

attention

Answer 13

awareness of amount consumed can influence how much we eat

Question 14

unit bias

Answer 14

tendency to assume that the unit of sale or portioning is an appropriate amount to consume

Question 15

trigger foods

Answer 15

foods that affect food choices just by being present among options

Question 16

what are the social factors that cause us to eat more?

Answer 16

host encouraging eating more

more time spent at the table

Question 17

what are the social factors that cause us to eat less?

Answer 17

managing impression others get of you (self conscious)

minimal eating norm (what is acceptable)

Question 18

what is Maslow’s theory of motivation

Answer 18

putting biological and social motives in one theory, essential needs must be met first

Question 19

achievement motive

Answer 19

motivated to perform at a high level and accomplish significant goals

Question 20

approach goals

Answer 20

drawn toward enjoyable and pleasant incentives

Question 21

avoidance goals

Answer 21

goal to avoid unpleasant outcomes

Question 22

autonomy

Answer 22

need to self-determine, feel in control

Question 23

competency

Answer 23

master new challenges and perfect skills

Question 24

relatedness

Answer 24

need to have meaningful relationships with others

Question 25

the degree to which we are in control of behaviours needed to achieve goals affects________________

Answer 25

achieving goals and attaining psychological well-being

Question 26

greater autonomy, competence, and relatedness is associated with ________

Answer 26

benefits

Question 27

extrinsic motivation

Answer 27

motivation outside yourself (performance motivation)

Question 28

amotivation

Answer 28

extreme of extrinsic motivation, reflects no motivation to perform a behaviour

Question 29

intrinsic motivation

Answer 29

motivation from inside yourself (mastery motivation)