Chapter 11: ADHD, Health Impairments, & Physical Disabilities Flashcards
ADHD Definition
Heightened awareness to environmental stimuli that results in limited alertness with respect to the educational environment that adversely affects academic performance.
Causes of ADHD (7)
-No clear evidence that ADHD is linked to brain damage or dysfunction
-Genetics
-Fragile X Syndrome
-Williams Syndrome
-FASD
-PEC (prenatal exposure to cocaine)
-Lead Poisoning
ADHD Intervention (3)
-Behaviorally Based Interventions
-Interventions created through ABA
- Positive reinforcement for on task behaviors, modifying assignments, and instructional activities to promote success, systematic teaching of self control.
OHI Definition (2)
-Limited strength, vitality, or alertness, including heightened alertness to environmental stimuli, that results in limited awareness with respect to the educational environment that -is due to chronic or acute health problems such as asthma, ADHD, diabetes, epilepsy, etc. that adversely affects academic performance.
Physical Disabilities Definition
-adversely affects a child’s educational performance. The term includes impairments caused by a congenital anomaly (e.g., clubfoot, absence of some member, etc.), impairments caused by disease (e.g., poliomyelitis, bone tuberculosis), and impairments from other causes (e.g., cerebral palsy, amputations, and fractures or burns that cause contractures).
Epilepsy (5)
-Definition: when seizures occur chronically and repeatedly
-Seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain
-Types of seizures: generalized tonic-clonic, absence, complex partial, simple partial
-Aura-a warning sensation that takes various forms and appears a short time before a seizure
-Seizures can be controlled with medicine in 70% of cases
Diabetes (3)
-A chronic disorder of metabolism that occurs when the body is unable to obtain and retain adequate energy from food.
-Type 1 diabetes have insufficient insulin
-Type 2 diabetes, the most common form, results from insulin resistance
Asthma (5)
-Chronic lung disease resulting in a narrowing of airways
-Most common lung disease of children
-Leading cause of absenteeism in school
-Causes are unknown but considered an interaction of heredity and environment. Emotional stress
-Treatment involves an asthma teaching program.
Cerebral Palsy (5)
-A disorder of movement and posture
-A permanent condition that results from lesion to the brain or an abnormal brain growth
-Most prevalent physical disability in school-age children
-No clear relationship between the degree of motor impairment and degree of intellectual impairment (if any)
-Classified according to muscle tone (hypertonia) and motor movement
Spina Bifida (6)
-Congenital malformations of the brain, spinal cord, or vertebrae
-Most common neural tube defect
-Can result in paralysis below affected vertebra
-Three types: spina bifida occulta (mildest form), meningocele, myclomeningocele (most common and most severe form)
-Hydrocephalic condition common in many children with myclomeningocele- treated with a shunt
-Requires clean intermittent catheterization
OT
-Occupational therapists (OTs) focus on children’s participation in activities, especially those related to self-help, employment, recreation, communication, and aspects of daily living
PT
-Physical therapists (PTs) focus on the development and maintenance of motor skills, movement, and posture.
Assistive Technology (2)
-Assistive technology device means any item, piece of equipment, or product system, whether acquired commercially off the shelf, modified, or customized, that is used to increase, maintain, or improve the functional capabilities of a child with a disability. The term does not include a medical device that is surgically implanted or the replacement of such device.
-Assistive technology service means any service that directly assists a child with a disability in the selection, acquisition, or use of an assistive technology device
Types of Cerebral Palsy (4)
-Spastic: tightness in one or more muscle groups and affects approx. 81% of individuals with CP.
-Dyskinetic: involves impairments in muscle tone affecting the whole body.
-Athetoid: involves abrupt, involuntary movements of the head, neck, face, and extremities, particularly the upper ones
-Ataxic: unsteadiness, lack of coordination and balance, and varying degrees of difficulty with standing and walking.
Causes of Cerebral Palsy (3)
-Prenatal: e.g., gestational infection, brain malformation before birth, prematurity
-Perinatal: e.g., stroke, lack of oxygen or infection during birth
-Postnatal: e.g., brain injury after birth
