Chapter 8: Communication Disorders

Question 1

Communication

Answer 1

Includes a message, sender, and receiver

Question 2

Paralinguistic Behaviors

Answer 2

Stress, pitch, intonation, pauses, etc.

Question 3

Nonlinguistic Cues

Answer 3

Body posture, facial expressions, eye contact, etc.

Question 4

Language

Answer 4

Formalized code used by the group to communicate. Arbitrary

Question 5

Form

Answer 5

Phonology, Morphology, Syntax

Question 6

Content

Answer 6

Semantics

Question 7

Use

Answer 7

Pragmatics

Question 8

Speech requires (4)

Answer 8

respiration
phonation
resonation
articulation

Question 9

IDEA Definition

Answer 9

A communication disorder such as stuttering, impaired articulation, a language impairment, or a voice impairment that adversely affects a child’s educational performance.

Question 10

Speech Impairments include (3)

Answer 10

-Articulation disorders (errors in the production of speech sounds)
-Fluency disorders (difficulties with the flow or rhythm of speech)
-Voice disorders (problems with the quality or use of voice)

Question 11

Language Disorders (5)

Answer 11

-deficits in form, content, use
-receptive language disorder (struggle following sequence of demands)
-expressive language disorder (limited vocab, say sounds in the wrong order)
-language delay does not always = a language disorder
-difficult to detect children with language disorders

Question 12

Distortions: Articulation Problem

Answer 12

“sleep” as “schleep” lisp

Question 13

Substitutions: Articulation Problem

Answer 13

“doze” for “those”

Question 14

Omissions: Articulation Problem

Answer 14

“pos” for “post”

Question 15

Additions: Articulation Problem

Answer 15

“buhrown” as “brown”

Question 16

Articulation Disorders (3)

Answer 16

-not able to produce a sound because that sound is not in his repertoire
-speech is unintelligible most of the time
-“do foop is dood” for that “soup is good”

Question 17

Phonological Disorders (3)

Answer 17

-have the ability to produce a sound but does so inconsistently
-understanding when to use a sound
-cause voice to sound breathy, hoarse, husky, strained

Question 18

Fluency Disorders (5)

Answer 18

-Cluttering (fast, repetitions, mispronounced sounds)
-atypical continuity, smoothness, rate, and effort
-developmental (during childhood) or neurogenic (after disease or trauma)
-more common among men
-situational

Question 19

Dysphonia

Answer 19

poor or unpleasant voice quality

Question 20

Resonance Disorder

Answer 20

how voice sounds because of hypernasality or hyponasality

Question 21

Prevalence

Answer 21

-16.4% of students receive spec ed services
-1.6% of school age population
-second largest disability category

Question 22

Causes of Speech Impairments (6)

Answer 22

-cleft palate
-paralysis of speech muscles
-the absence of teeth
-craniofacial abnormalities
-TBI
-Dysarthria

Question 23

Causes of Language Disorders (7)

Answer 23

-developmental and intellectual disabilities
-autism
-TBI
-child abuse and neglect
-hearing loss
-structural abnormalities
-Aphasia

Question 24

Evaluation Components (8)

Answer 24

-case history and physical exam
-articulation
-hearing
-phonological awareness and processing
-overall language development and vocab
-assessment of language function
-language samples
-observation in natural settings

Question 25

Treating articulation errors (4)

Answer 25

-acquisition of correct speech sounds
-generalization of correct sounds to all settings and contexts
-maintenance of correct sounds after therapy
-discrimination activities (define differences between sounds)

Question 26

Treating fluency disorders

Answer 26

Lidcombe Program: parents ignore stuttering and reinforce periods of fluency

Question 27

Treating voice disorders

Answer 27

-vocal rehab: exercises to increase breathing capacity, relaxation techniques, vocal hygiene, procedures to increase/decrease loudness.

Question 28

Treating language disorders

Answer 28

-vocab building
-naturalistic strategies: typical convo

Question 29

Placement

Answer 29

-88% in regular classrooms
-pull out: SLP works with child individually or in small group a few times a week
-collaborative consultation: SLP helps teacher and collaborates to work better with children with communication disorders.