Chapter 11 - Airway Management

Question 1

tool for maintaining airway

Answer 1

OPA(unless gag reflex is present), NPA

Question 2

After maintaining?

Answer 2

Use BVM to provide positive pressure to maintain patent airway

Question 3

Alveoli

Answer 3

Place for gas exchange between O2 and CO2, surrounded my capillary beds to keep them in place and blood for the process

Question 4

Normal lung sounds

Answer 4

Clear, equal, bilateral

Question 5

Artificial ventilation

Answer 5

tools for providing ventilation

Question 6

parts that need o2

Answer 6

Heart, lungs, kidney, brain, liver - they need it there is AMS

Question 7

Upper airway and lower airway

Answer 7

Upper ends at larynx and lower starts from trachaea

Question 8

Nose hairs

Answer 8

Filters waste out of the air we breathe for quality air and humidifies it

Question 9

Nasopharynx

Answer 9

Lined with ciliated mucous membranes to keep contaminants out

Question 10

Oropharynx

Answer 10

to prevent food and liquid from entering the larynx during swallowing, posterior of the oral cavity

Question 11

Larynx

Question 12

Trachea

Question 13

Which cavity has the heart and great vessels(vena cavae and aorta)?

Answer 13

Thoracic cavity

Question 14

Ventilation

Answer 14

Physical act of inhaling and exhaling

Question 15

Respirations

Answer 15

o2 co2 exchange in the alveoli

Question 16

oxygenation

Answer 16

active process of loading oxygen onto the hemoglobin on the rbcs in the blood

Question 17

hemoglobin

Answer 17

product of rbcs; blood protein that carries o2

Question 18

WBCS

Answer 18

fights infection

Question 19

platelets

Answer 19

clots to prevent bleeding

Question 20

plasma

Answer 20

fluid that carries all the components like a river

Question 21

C3 C4 C5

Answer 21

parts of the spine(cervivcal spine) that keeps you alive

Question 22

Phrenic nerve

Answer 22

originates from the C3C4C5 nerves that sends signals to diaphragm to breathe

Question 23

What does the brain need?

Answer 23

Sugar, o2, temperature (warm)

Question 24

STUDY THE AIRWAYS

Question 25

What does the mediastinum contain?

Answer 25

Heart, great vessels, esophagus, trachea, major bronchi, lots of nerves

Question 26

Nasal cannula requirements

Answer 26

1-6 Lpm at least 2 32-44% O2 for COMFORT

Question 27

Tidal Volume

Answer 27

Amount of air in ml that is moved into or out of the lungs in one breath

Question 28

Inhalation

Question 29

Exhalation

Question 30

COPD

Answer 30

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Emphysema, Chronic Bronchitis

Question 31

Emphysema

Answer 31

Alveoli problem: They shrivel and gas exchange isn't right(poor exchange)

Question 32

Chronic Bronchitis

Answer 32

CO2 retention; inflammation of the bronchioles

Question 33

Regulation of ventilation

Question 34

Asthma

Answer 34

Bronchioles get inflamed and and constrict them

Question 35

Chemoreceptors

Answer 35

They monitor O2 levels, CO2, H ion conc, and ph of CSF

Question 36

Ventilation/Perfusion ratio and mismatch

Answer 36

No gas exchange lack of o2 in bloodstream co2 recirculated in blood stream

Question 37

Factors affecting pulmonary ventilation

Answer 37

infections, allergic reactions, unresponsivenes(tongue obstruction), trauma

Question 38

Suction guidelines

Answer 38

15 sec adult 10 sec child 5 sec infant put to where you can see and circular motion on way out, remove immediately if gag reflex presented

Question 39

Factors affecting respiration

Answer 39

atmospheric pressure, partial pressure pf O2, pneumonia, pulmonary edema, Copd/emphysema

Question 40

Circulatory compromise

Answer 40

simple or tension pneumothorax open pneumothorax hemothorax hemopneumothorax

Question 41

Simple pneumothorax/tension

Answer 41

partial collapse of the lung and complete

Question 42

open pneumothorax

Question 43

hemothorax

Answer 43

internal bleeding

Question 44

hemopneumothorax

Question 45

Adequate breathing

Answer 45

12-20 per min regular pattern of breathing and exhalation bilateral clear equal chest rise normal adequate depth - tidal volume

Question 46

Non rebreather mask req

Answer 46

10-15 Lpm 45%-64% o2 for labored breathing

Question 47

Bag-valve mask req

Answer 47

15+ Lpm 65-100% o2 for unresponsive, less than 8pm or more than 28pm, irregular breathing, shallow breathing

Question 48

rescue breathing req

Answer 48

1 breath every 5-6 seconds

Question 49

Recognize abnormal breathing

Answer 49

unequal inadequate chest expan increased effort shallow depth skin that is pale, cyanotic, cool, or moist skin pulling around ribs or around clavicles - retractions

Question 50

Cheyne stokes respirations

Answer 50

patients with stroke or head injuries may appear to be breathing after the heart has stopped called agonal gasps

Question 51

Attaxic, Kussmaul resp

Answer 51

A - irregular or unidentifiable pattern, may follow head injury K - Deep rapid res, common in patient with metabolic acidosis, seen in diabetic patients with high blood sugar

Question 52

Assessment of respiratory in spite of normal ventilation

Answer 52

LOC/Skin color, pulse ox for oxygenation

Question 53

End tidal CO2 and meaning of results

Answer 53

Measurement of the maximal CO2 at the end of an exhaled breath should be 35-45 mm/hg low co2 - hyperventilation, decreased co2 return to lungs, reduced co2 production at cellular level high co2 - ventilatory inadequacy or apnea

Question 54

Indications/Contra for OPA

Answer 54

Ind: Unresponsive without gag, apnea

Question 55

Indications/Contra for NPA

Question 56

way to maintaining airway

Answer 56

Recovery position to maintain a clear one who is unconscious, not injured and is breathing on his own, typically onto to take pressure off the heart

Question 57

Nasal Cannula indications/contra

Question 58

Partial rebreather mask

Question 59

Venturi mask

Question 60

Tracheostomy mask

Question 61

PPV

Question 62

Gastric distention(Meaning)

Question 63

Ways to prevent or alleviate gastric distention

Question 64

Automatic transport ventilator

Question 65

CPAP

Answer 65

continuous positive airway pressure at least 25 Lpm for severe shortness of breath can hear rhonchi or rales for patients who use them and are blue PPV for maintaining patent airway once started, needs to be on until arrival at hospital

Question 66

What cpap do?

Answer 66

increases lung pressure opens collapsed alveoli pushes more o2 across alveoli membrane pushes interstitial fluid back into pulmonary circulation

Question 67

Indications of CPAP

Question 68

Contra for CPAP

Question 69

Complications for CPAP

Question 70

Stomas

Question 71

Tracheostomy tubes