Chapter 11 Basic Concepts Flashcards
(22 cards)
Definition of a hydrocarbon?
A compound containing carbon and hydrogen ONLY
Functional group?
The part of the organic molecule that is largely responsible for the molecules chemical properties
Homologous series
A family of compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties whose successive members differ by the addition of a CH2 group
Homolytic fission?
The breaking of a covalent bond with each bonded atom taking one of the shared pair of e from the bond.
What is the molecular and general formula of an alcohol?
Molecular ; CnH2n+2O
General ; CnH2n+1OH
What is a structural isomer?
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula
Define homolytic fission
When a covalent bond is broken,each one of the bonded atoms takes one of the shared pair of electrons from the bond, forms two highly reactive free radicals each with an unpaired electron represented by a dot.
A radical/radicals is formed in homolytic fission- what is a radical?
An atom or groups of atoms with an unpaired electron
Define heterolytic fission
When a covalent bond breaks, one of the bonded atoms take both of the electrons , forming a positively charged cation and a negatively charged anion.
What do curly arrows represent?
Movement of electron pairs when bonds are being broken or made
What happens in an addition reaction?
Two reactants join together to form one product
What happens in a substitution reaction?
An atom or group of atoms is replaced by a different atom or group of atoms
define general formula
simplest algebraic formula for a homologous series
displayed formula
a formula which shows the relative positioning of atoms and the bonds between them
3 hydrocarbon types
aliphatic
alicyclic
aromatic
functional group
the group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound
chain isomers
molecules with the same molecular formula but a different arrangement f the carbon chain
structural isomers
compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula.
stereoisomers
compounds with the same structural formula but different arrangement of atoms in space.
how does E/Z isomerism arise?
arises because rotation around the double bond is restricted and the groups attached to each Carbon atom are therefore fixed relative to each other, because of the rigidity of the position of the pie bonds density above and below the pane of the sigma bond.
what are the two conditions needed to satisfy E/Z isomerism?
- a C-c double bond
- different groups attached to each carbon atom of the double bond.
when can the cahn-ingold-prelog nomenclature rules be used?
cis-trans system of naming can only be used when each carbon atom of the double bond is attached to a single H atom.
