Chapter 11 basic concepts of organic chemistry Flashcards
(13 cards)
What is meant by structural isomer and explain the trend in boiling points with increased branching
- structural isomers have different structural formulae and same molecular formula
- if there are diagrams state the molecular formula
- boiling point decreases more branching and weaker london forces
- less energy to break london forces
State the meaning of the term electrophile and suggest the formula of the electrophile formed from IBR
- electron pair acceptor
- I+
Suggest the formula for a carboxylic acid
CnH2n+1COOH
What is meant by the term homologous series
- series of compounds with the same functional group with similar chemical properties
- each successive member differing by CH2
What does a curly arrow represent in mechanisms
Movement of an electron pair
What is meant by the term nucleophile
electron pair donor
What is meant by the term structural isomers
compounds that have the same molecular fomula but different structural formula
State reagent and conditions needed for an alkene to form alcohols
steam and acid catalyst
suggest why alkenes are less soluble in water than alcohols
- does not contain OH groups
- does not form hydrogen bonds with water
State the general formula for these cycloalkanes
CnH2n
Explains the increase in boiling points of cycloalkanes as the number of carbons increases
- more carbons in ring
- more surface area of contact
- more stronger london forces
- more enrgy needed to break the london forces
Explain what is meant by the term stereoisomers
compounds with the same structural formula but a different arrangment of atoms in space
What is the general formula of alkyl groups
CnH2n+1
