Chapter 11 - Basic Concepts of Organic Chemistry Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 11 - Basic Concepts of Organic Chemistry Deck (23)
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1
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A series of organic compounds having the same functional group but with each successive member
differing by CH2.

2
Q

What is a saturated hydrocarbon?

A

A hydrocarbon containing single bonds only.

3
Q

What is a functional group?

Definition not required for exam but understanding is necessary.

A

The part of the organic molecule that is largely responsible for the molecule’s chemical properties.

4
Q

What is an aliphatic compound?

A

A compound containing carbon and hydrogen joined together in straight chains, branched chains or non-aromatic rings.

5
Q

What is an alicyclic compound?

A

An aliphatic compound arranged in non-aromatic rings with or without side chains.

6
Q

What is an aromatic compound?

A

A compound containing a benzene ring.

7
Q

What is molecular formula?

Definition not required for exam but understanding is necessary.

A

A formula which shows the number and type of atoms of each element in a molecule. (e.g. C2H6O)

8
Q

What is empirical formula?

Definition not required for exam but understanding is necessary.

A

The simplest whole-number ratio of the atoms of each element present in a compound. (e.g. C6H12O (molecular formula) CH2O (empirical formula)).

9
Q

What is general formula?

Definition not required for exam but understanding is necessary.

A

The simplest algebraic formula for any number of a homologous series.

10
Q

What is structural formula?

Definition not required for exam but understanding is necessary.

A

A formula which shows the smallest amount of detail necessary to show the arrangement of the atoms in a molecule (e.g. CH3CH2CH2CH3).

11
Q

What are structural isomers?

A

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.

12
Q

What happens in homolytic fission?

A

A covalent bond is broken with each bonding atom receiving one electron from the bonded pair of electrons.

  • Each atom now has a single unpaired electron
  • 2 radicals are produced
13
Q

What is a radical?

A

A species with an unpaired electron.

14
Q

What happens in heterolytic fission?

A

A covalent bond is broken with one of the bonded atoms receiving both electrons from the bonded pair, forming two oppositely charged ions.

  • The atom that takes both electrons becomes a negative ion.
  • The atom that does not take the electrons becomes a positive ion.
15
Q

What happens in an addition reaction?

A

Two reactants join together to form one product.

2 reactants → 1 product

16
Q

What happens in a substitution reaction?

A

An atom or group of atoms is replaced by a different atom or group of atoms.

e.g.
C3H7Br + OH → C3H80 + Br

17
Q

What happens in an elimination reaction?

A

A small molecule is removed from a larger one.

One reactant molecule forms two products, often in the presence of a catalyst.

18
Q

Revise how to draw reaction mechanisms.

A

Revise how to draw reaction mechanisms.

19
Q

In a reaction mechanism, a curly arrow must start from…

A

…a bond, a lone pair, or a negative charge.

20
Q

What is the general formula of an alkyl group?

A

CnH2n+1

21
Q

Curly arrows are used to show…

A

…the movement of a pair of electrons.

22
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

A compound containing carbon and hydrogen ONLY.

23
Q

What is an unsaturated compound?

A

A hydrocarbon containing at least one multiple carbon-carbon bond.