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Functional Neuroanatomy > Chapter. 11 [Brain Stem] > Flashcards

Chapter. 11 [Brain Stem] Flashcards

0
Q

What does receptive field have?

A

It has receptive endings.

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1
Q

What kind of motor neurons the brain stem have for the muscles of the head? And what does the brain stem have to do with that?

A

Brain stem contains Lower motor neurons, and brain stem does initial processing of general afferent info concerning the head

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2
Q

Based on what is the CN categories?

A

Based on where axons go, and what functions are.

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3
Q

What CN are made up of?

A

Cranial nerves made up of axons

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4
Q

How CN are organized?

A

They’re located where they need to be

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5
Q

What are the 4 basic categories of CN?

A

Motor, Sensory, Somatic, Visceral

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6
Q

What are the 6 categories?

A
  1. Motor somatic
  2. Motor Visceral
  3. Branchial
  4. Somatic Sensory
  5. Visceral Sensory
  6. Special Sensory
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7
Q

Where do somatic sensory axons come from?

A

from pain, touch, temperature receptors, in skin receptors, muscles, and joints.

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8
Q

Where do visceral sensory axons come from?

A

from visceral receptors: [blood vessels, digestive tract]

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9
Q

Where do somatic motor axons come from?

A

from skeletal motor neurons,

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10
Q

What do visceral motor axons bring?

A

bring autonomic axons up to the brain

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11
Q

Where cranial nerves is located during development?

A

in spinal gray matter

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12
Q

When the walls of the neural tube fold out, where do motor, sensory, somatic, visceral stay?

A
  • Motor toward the front Vs. Sensory toward the back.

- Somatic toward the outside Vs. Visceral toward the inside

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13
Q

Where are spacial sensory axons located?

A

in brain stem down to the spinal cord.

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14
Q

What are the special senses?

A

hearing & balance, olfaction, and vision

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15
Q

What are some examples of muscles that are named based on their location around branchial axons?

A

muscles of larynx and jaw in the face

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16
Q

Is it true that each CN has axons from diff types?

A

Yes

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17
Q

Is true that each CN for all axons from diff types

A

No, there is no one CN has axons from all.

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18
Q

What are the somatic motor cranial nerves? and what they do?

A
  1. Oculomotor nerve [III] : eye movement, esp. eyelid, pupil.
  2. Trochlear nerve [IV] : eye movement
  3. Abducens nerve [IV] : eye movement
  4. Hypoglossal [XII] : below the tongue, speech and swallow
19
Q

as cranial nerves are axons, what must they must have?

A

They must have a nucleus of gray matter cell bodies that these axons go to.

20
Q

What types of nuclei in somatic motor are there?

A
  1. oculomotor nucleus.
  2. two trochlear nuclei.
  3. abducens nucleus.
  4. hypoglossal nucleus.
21
Q

What muscles does oculomotor nerve innervate? and to which directions its axons project?

A
  • innervates 4 of 6 eye muscles.

- its axons project to the same side eyeball (ipsilateral) except for the superior rectus muscle (contralateral)

22
Q

From where the muscles that raise eyelid come?

A

from the medial

23
Q

How can neurologists pinpoint a stroke or a damage to the CN?

A

based on eye weaknesses or eye movement.

24
Q

What kinds of effects can show with oculomotor nerve damage?

A
  1. Lateral strabismus: can get double vision (diplopia)
  2. Drooping/falling eyelid: doesn’t get the innervation that needs (ptosis)
  3. Dilation of pupils (mydriasis)
25
Q

What muscles does trochlear nerve innervate? and to which directions its axons project?

A
  • the superior oblique eye muscle

- its axons project contralaterally.

26
Q

What does trochlear nerve do?

A
  1. helps eye muscle movement that’s controlled by the superior oblique eye muscle.
    1. Move eye down and laterally (looking down)
27
Q

What does things that trochlear nerve is the only one who has them?

A
  1. located on the posterior side of brain stem.

2. entirely contralateral.

28
Q

What kinds of effects can show with trochlear nerve damage?

A

damage may be undetectable b/c it controls only one little eye muscle:

  1. unable to look down laterally.
  2. double vision.
29
Q

What muscles does abducens nerve innervate? and to which directions its axons project?

A
  • the lateral rectus muscle

- its axons project ipsilaterally.

30
Q

what does abducens nerve do?

A

abducts eye; moves eye out laterally; makes lateral eye movements paired.

31
Q

What kinds of effects can show with abducens nerve damage?

A

unable to move eye to the side (one eye pulls medially while the other stay centered)

32
Q

What hypoglossal nerve does innervate? and to which directions its axons project?

A
  • innervates most of muscles in the tongue

- its axons project ipsilaterally.

33
Q

what kinds of effects can show with hypoglossal nerve damage?

A
  • weakness to that same side of the tongue

- difficulty speaking or swallowing

34
Q

What are branchial motor cranial nerves? and what they do?

A
  1. Trigminal Nerve [V] : major sensory nerve for the head
  2. Facial Nerve [VII] : facial expressions
  3. Glossopharyngeal Nerve [IX] : taste, throat, and mouth sensory sensations.
  4. Vagus Nerve [X] : parasympathetic outflow down the viscera; thoracic and abdominal.
  5. Spinal Accessory Nerve [XI] : innervate neck and shoulder muscles
35
Q

Which cranial nerves has 3 branches?

A

Trigeminal nerve

36
Q

How many branches does trigeminal nerve have? and what are they? what do they serve?

A

3 major branches
:
1. ophthalmic: eye

  1. maxillary: nose, sinuses, upper jaw
  2. mandibular: lower jaw
37
Q

What does trigeminal nerve do?

A

transmits tactile, temperature, pain, and proprioceptive information

38
Q

Which cranial nerve works like spinal cord? and how so?

A

Trigeminal nerve, it sends information from head to brain while spinal cord sends information from big toe to brain

39
Q

which cranial nerve that can be seen better by MRI?

A

Trigeminal nerve

40
Q

How many nuclei the trigeminal nerve interacts with? and what are these nuclei do? and to which direction they project?

A

3 nuclei:

  1. Main sensory nucleus: touch jaw, controls muscle of jaw
  2. Spinal nucleus: pain, temperature; misfiring pain neurons can cause “trigeminal neuralgia”
  3. Mesencephalic nucleus: touch, reflexes for head
    They project ipsilaterally to the thalamus, and then up to the sensory strip.

They project ipsilaterally to the thalamus, and then up to the sensory strip

41
Q

In which category these Branchiomeric nerves are involved too, facial nerve [VII], glossopharyngeal nerve [IX] & vagus nerve [X]? and to which extent?

A
  • They’re involved in somatic sensory, at a very minor role.
  • They’re also involved in visceral motor when they inter the solitary tracts/the solitary nucleus at a very important role of vagus.
42
Q

which cranial nerves are branchial motor plays an important role with?

A

Facial and vagus.

43
Q

Which category plays an important role in facial and vagus?

A

Branchial motor

44
Q

what does visceral sensory input have to with?

A

it has a major role for vagus (facial and glossopharyngeal as well)

Functional Neuroanatomy (2 decks)

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