Chapter 11 developmental psychology

Question 1

What are the big questions in developmental psychology?

Answer 1

1) Nature or nurture
2) Universal or ecological
3) Continuous or discontinuous

Question 2

Children who spent time in a Romanian orphanage vs British orphanage with no neglect

Answer 2

> 6 months spent in the Romanian orphanage increased the risk of negative social/cognitive outcomes

Question 3

Extreme neglect children show

Answer 3

Enlarged ventricles and overall less brain mass

Question 4

What is the habituation/orientating reflex?

Answer 4

When a baby gets bored of something when it is shown it more than once

Question 5

Period where we get fewer but stronger connections between our neuron

Answer 5

Pruning

Question 6

When does the second period of overproduction occur and where?

Answer 6

Just before adolescence, in the prefrontal cortex

Question 7

Attachment theory is

Answer 7

A strong emotional connection that persists over time and across circumstances

Question 8

John Bowlby

Answer 8

Attachment theory

Question 9

Attachment theory is adaptive because

Answer 9

It encourages proximity between the child and mother/caregiver

Question 10

Hormone that plays a role in attachment, higher levels of this affect maternal tendencies and our social and bonding experiences as well

Answer 10

Oxytocin

Question 11

Who conducted the research with Rhesus monkeys?

Answer 11

Harry Harlow

Question 12

What common belief did Harry Harlow’s research disagree with?

Answer 12

That attachment came from mothers providing nourishment and rewards

Question 13

Harry Harlow believed that attachment came from

Answer 13

Touch and contact comfort

Question 14

In Harry Harlow’s study, what were the two “mothers” for the monkeys?

Answer 14

1) the cloth mother wrapped in a soft cloth that had no milk
2) Wire mother that had milk

Question 15

Which mother did the Rhesus monkeys prefer

Answer 15

Cloth mother

Question 16

When the Rhesus monkeys saw the monster, which mother did they run to?

Answer 16

Cloth mother

Question 17

Strange situation test was conducted by

Answer 17

Mary Ainsworth

Question 18

True or false: myelination is the growth in white matter that continues to develop at a regular rate throughout childhood and adolescence

Answer 18

True

Question 19

True or false: myelination increases during childhood

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Bob, a child in a study just like Mary Ainsworth’s, did not immediately approach his mother when she returned. Bob’s attachment style is most likely

Answer 20

Insecure-avoidant

Question 21

Jane, a child in a study just like Mary Ainsworth’s, was very distressed when her mother left, and was alternately clingy and rejecting when she returned. Jane’s attachment style can be described as

Answer 21

Insecure-resistant

Question 22

Children with a disorganized attachment style

Answer 22

Show contradictory behavior, such as approaching the mother walking backward

Question 23

Parenting style with high parental support and low behavioral regulation

Answer 23

Indulgent

Question 24

Parenting style with low parental support and low behavioral regulation

Answer 24

Uninvolved

Question 25

The False Belief test is also known as

Answer 25

the Sally-Ann task

Question 26

Children of indulgent parents show

Answer 26

Higher levels of antisocial behavior than children of authoritative and authoritarian parents

Question 27

Children of uninvolved parents

Answer 27

Drink and smoke nearly twice as much as children of authoritarian or authoritative parents

Question 28

Studies have shown that compared to parents in France and Italy, Canadian parents

Answer 28

Were more accepting of their children’s behavior overall

Question 29

Children in the west now have

Answer 29

More freedom and autonomy inside the home, but less freedom outside the home

Question 30

Experiencing abuse in a residential school was associated with a

Answer 30

Three-fold increase in the likelihood of experiencing problems with drug use

Question 31

What did Erikson believe about tensions?

Answer 31

Each of them spanned the lifespan, each one became particularly salient during certain points of development

Question 32

Eric Erikson developmental challenge for birth to 2 years

Answer 32

Trust vs mistrust

Question 33

Eric Erikson developmental challenge adolescence

Answer 33

Identity vs role confusion

Question 34

Eric Erikson developmental challenge early adulthood

Answer 34

Intimacy vs isolation

Question 35

Who believed that during each stage of development, children form new schemas?

Answer 35

Piaget

Question 36

Equilibration

Answer 36

active self-regulatory process by which a child progresses through the stages of development

Question 37

Equilibrium occurs when

Answer 37

there’s a match between cognitive structures and reality

Question 38

Disequilibrium occurs when

Answer 38

Our existing schemas are no longer sufficient and we become motivated to develop new, more complex schemas

Question 39

Correct order of Piaget’s stages

Answer 39

1) Sensorimotor
2) Preoperational
3) Concrete operational
4) Formal operational

Question 40

Stage where you can acquire information through the senses, understanding of object permanence

Answer 40

Sensorimotor stage

Question 41

When children can think symbolically but not logically

Answer 41

Preoperational stage

Question 42

The mountains task demonstrates

Answer 42

Egocentric thinking

Question 43

Stage characterized by the development of more logic thinking, but reasoning is limited to concrete objects

Answer 43

Concrete operational

Question 44

Concrete operational age range

Answer 44

6-11

Question 45

Stage where individuals can think and reason abstractly, begin to use deductive reasoning and problem solving

Answer 45

Formal operational

Question 46

Teacher, adult or caregiver is matching their guidance to the learner’s needs

Answer 46

Scaffolding

Question 47

Factors that affect infant-caregiver attachment

Answer 47

Caregiver sensitivity, infant temperament, environmental/cultural factors