Chapter 11 DNA Tech

Question 1

What is a protein that cuts double piece stranded DNA at a specific base sequence?

Answer 1

Restriction Enzymes

Question 2

What type of genetic information has been cut with restriction enzymes and DNA from other organisms?

Answer 2

Recombinant DNA

Question 3

What is an individual with recombinant DNA called?

Answer 3

Transgenic Organism

Question 4

What determines the nucleotide sequence of DNA fragments?

Answer 4

DNA sequencing

Question 5

What is DNA Technology?

Answer 5

The practical application of the knowledge about DNA

Question 6

What is a polymerase chain reaction?

Answer 6

Amplifies DNA in a test tube using the cell’s replication machinery

Question 7

What is DNA Profiling?

Answer 7

Uses DNA sequencing and PCR to detect genetic differences amount individuals

Question 8

What are Stem Cells?

Answer 8

Cells found in embryos and some adult tissue that give rise to other cell types

Question 9

What is cloning?

Answer 9

Identical copy of an organism

Question 10

What is a Somatic Cell nuclear transfer?

Answer 10

Type of cloning that combines a nucleus taken from one individual’s body cell with a denucleated egg cell from another individual to produce the first cell of a new organism

Question 11

What is a DNA probe?

Answer 11

A single-strained piece of DNA, labeled with a radioactive isotope tag, used to detect the presence of a known sequence of nucleotides

Question 12

What does a DNA probe attach to?

Answer 12

If placed in the right position, the probe will bind to a complementary DNA sequence locating a target gene

Question 13

What is preimplantation genetic diagnosis?

Answer 13

Uses PCR and DNA probes to detect genetic diseases in embryos that might later be implanted in a woman’s uterus

Question 14

What is Genetic Testing?

Answer 14

Uses PCR and DNA probes to detect genetic diseases in fetuses, newborn, adult, and children (broad testing)

Question 15

What is Gene Therapy?

Answer 15

Employs viruses to insert healthy genes into cell

Question 16

What do DNA Technology’s tools apply to?

Answer 16

Individual chromosome or entire genome

Question 17

Transgenic organisms contain DNA from __?

Answer 17

Other organisms

Question 18

What are transgenic organisms important in?

Answer 18

Industry, Research, and Agriculture

Question 19

What tools help researchers create recombinant DNA and introduce it to the receipt cell?

Answer 19

Restriction enzymes and plasmids

Question 20

What does DNA sequencing reveal?

Answer 20

the order of bases

Question 21

What is the Sanger Method?

Answer 21

Modified nucleotides to generate DNA fragments at various lengths

Question 22

What does electrophoresis do?

Answer 22

sorts the fragment by size to reveal the DNA sequence

Question 23

What percent of the 3.2 billion base pairs of the human genome encode proteins?

Answer 23

1.5%

Question 24

What does the remaining 98.5% of base pairs of the human genome do?

Answer 24

encodes rRNA, tRNA, microRNA, regulatory sequences, pseudogenes, transposable elements and other repeats

Question 25

Where does PCR replicate genes?

Answer 25

In a test tube

Question 26

First step in PCR?

Answer 26

DNA separates into two strands

Question 27

Second step in PCR?

Answer 27

DNA polymerase adds complimentary nucleotides to each strand

Question 28

Third step in PCR?

Answer 28

Repeated cycles of heating and cooling allow for rapid amplification of the target DNA sequence

Question 29

What do individuals genetically vary in?

Answer 29

Single bases and short tandem repeats (STRs)