Chapter 11: Emotion

Question 1

3 types of components in an emotional response.

Answer 1

Behavioral
Autunomic
Hormonal

Question 2

Consists of muscular movements that are appropriate to the situation that elicits them.

Answer 2

Behavioral component

Question 3

Facilitate the behaviors and provide quick mobilization of energy for vigorous movement.

Answer 3

Autonomic reponses

Question 4

Reinforce the autonomic responses.

Answer 4

Hormonal responses

Question 5

3 major regions of amygdala.

Answer 5

Lateral nucleus
Basal nucleus
Central nucleus

Question 6

Receives information from all regions of the neocortex, including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, the thalamus, and the hippocampal formation.

Answer 6

Lateral nucleus

Question 7

A brain region involved in the effects of reinforcing stimuli on learning.

Answer 7

Ventral striatum

Question 8

Projects to regions of the hypothalamus, midbrain, pons, and medulla that are responsible for the expression of the various components of emotional responses.

Answer 8

Central nucleus

Question 9

Is produced by a neutral stimulus that has been paired with an emotion-producing stimulus; most basic form of emotional learning.

Answer 9

Conditioned emotional response

Question 10

Response that is aimed at terminating the painful stimulus.

Answer 10

Specific

Question 11

Responses controlled by autonomic nervous system

Answer 11

Nonspecific

Question 12

Consist of postures or gestures that warn the adversary to leave or it will become the target of an attack.

Answer 12

Threat behaviors

Question 13

Threat behaviors or an actual attack against the animal that is threatening it.

Answer 13

Defensive behaviors

Question 14

Behaviors that indicate that it accepts defeat and will not challenge the other animal.

Answer 14

Submissive behaviors

Question 15

Involves a member of one species attacking a
member of another species, usually for food.

Answer 15

Predation

Question 16

A large nucleus in the posterior thalamus.

Answer 16

Pulvinar

Question 17

A phenomenon where some people with blindness caused by damage to the visual cortex can recognize facial expressions of emotion even though they have no conscious awareness of looking at a person’s face.

Answer 17

Affective blindsight

Question 18

Provides information about movement, depth, and very subtle differences in brightness in the scene before our eyes.

Answer 18

Magnocellular system

Question 19

Provides us with color vision and detection of fine details; found only in some primates, including humans.

Answer 19

Parvocellular system

Question 20

Part of the visual association cortex responsible for recognition of faces; receives information primarily from the parvocellular system.

Answer 20

Fusiform face area

Question 21

Are activated when an animal performs a particular behavior or when it sees another animal performing that behavior; involved in learning to imitate the actions of others.

Answer 21

Mirror neurons

Question 22

A congenital condition that involves defective
development of the sixth (abducens) and seventh (facial) cranial nerves and results in facial paralysis and inability to make lateral eye movements.

Answer 22

Moebius syndrome

Question 23

Neurons that respond to the sounds of particular actions and to the sight of those actions.

Answer 23

Audiovisual neurons

Question 24

Actors attempt to imagine themselves in a situation that would lead to the desired emotion.

Answer 24

Method acting

Question 25

Caused by damage to the face region of the primary motor cortex or to the fibers connecting this region with the motor nucleus of the facial nerve, which controls the muscles responsible for movement of the facial muscles; a patient cannot voluntarily move the facial muscles but will express a genuine emotion with those muscles.

Answer 25

Volitional facial paresis

Question 26

Caused by damage to the insular region of the prefrontal cortex, to the white matter of the frontal lobe, or to parts of the thalamus; People with this disorder can move their face muscles voluntarily but do not express emotions on the affected side of the face.

Answer 26

Emotional facial paresis

Question 27

The theory states that emotion-producing situations elicit an appropriate set of physiological responses, such as trembling, sweating, and increased heart rate.

Answer 27

James-Lange Theory

Question 28

an adaptive emotional response that is coordinated in the brain by the nuclei of the amygdala.

Answer 28

Fear

Question 29

Organizes behavioral, autonomic, and hormonal responses to a variety of situations, including those that produce fear, anger, or disgust.

Answer 29

Amygdala

Question 30

Species typical; that is, the patterns of movements (posturing, biting, striking, or hissing) are organized by neural circuits whose development is largely programmed by an animal’s genes.

Answer 30

Aggressive behaviors

Question 31

Are organized responses (consisting of behavioral, autonomic, and hormonal components) that prepare an animal to deal with existing situations in the environment, such as events that pose a threat to the organism.

Answer 31

Emotions

Question 32

A disorder caused by damage to the left temporal cortex.

Answer 32

Pure word deafness