Chapter 11 - IV Bolus Dose

Question 1

true or false

IV bolus dose undergoes zero order absorption

Answer 1

FALSE - NO ABSORPTION AT ALL!!!!! ALL IS IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE IN CIRCULATION

Question 2

true or false

when a drug is given via IV bolus, elimination starts immediately after administration

Answer 2

true

Question 3

IV bolus dose is eliminated from _____ via ______ order kinetics

Answer 3

the central compartment

1st order

Question 4

what rate constants do you need to find for a 1 compartment model

Answer 4

ONLY K10

Question 5

equation for one-compartment model

Answer 5

C=Be ^ -beta(t)

Question 6

the multi-compartment model differs from the 1 compartment model in several ways, but most predominantly in the ——-

Answer 6

plasma profile

will NOT be a straight line on semi log paper

Question 7

the first-order plot of plasma conc vs time in a one compartment model results in _______ decline

Answer 7

mono-exponential

Question 8

does a one compartment model undergo distribution

Answer 8

NO - only elimination

possibly distributes only into very highly perfused tissues – that’s it

Question 9

true or false

a 1 compartment model (IV) only has ONE first order rate process

Answer 9

TRUE - only elimination

Question 10

multi-compartment models exhibit ___curve
why?

Answer 10

multi-exponential

because there is more than 1 first order rate process!!! not just elimination

Question 11

in a multi-compartment model, the nature of the plasma profile depends on….

Answer 11

the number of compartments

2 compartment = bi-exponential curve

3 compartment = tri-exponential curve

Question 12

true or false

in a 2 compartment model, the plot of plasma concentration vs time will be linear

Answer 12

FALSE - WILL NOT BE. will get a bi-exponential curve

have to feather

Question 13

WHY does graphing plasma conc vs time of a 2 compartment model result in a bi-exponential curve?

Answer 13

bc of the mixture of the 2 first order processes - distribution and elimination

Question 14

why must a bi-exponential curve obtained from the graph of a 2 compartment model be resolved into linear segments?

Answer 14

has to be done to calculate the PK parameters

Question 15

2 other terms for “feathering”

Answer 15

curve-stripping
method of residuals

Question 16

the terminal portion of a bi-exponential curve represents what

Answer 16

the elimination of the drug from the body

Question 17

the y-intercept of the B line is…

the rate constant of the B line is…

Answer 17

B – Co

the rate constant of the B line is Beta

Question 18

2 straight lines means _______ compartment model

Answer 18

2

Question 19

when the bi-exponential curve is feathered, it generates _____ y-intercepts

what are they

Answer 19

2

A and B

also 2 rate constants - alpha and beta

Question 20

2 compartment model formula

Answer 20

C = Be ^-beta(t) + Ae^-alpha(t)

Question 21

**note - have to know what eaach rate constant is - he won’t tell on exam

ie - k10 is elimination constant

k12 is distribution from central compartment to tissue, etc

Answer 21

you got this !!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Question 22

true or false

in a 2 compartment model, elimination only takes place from the central compartment

Answer 22

TRUE

Question 23

what is the rate constant for the elimination phase

Answer 23

beta

Question 24

what is the rate constant for the distributive phase

Answer 24

alpha

Question 25

true or false in a 2 compartment model, the concentration in the tissue is NOT THE SAME as the concentration in the central compartment

Answer 25

true

Question 26

at what point will only elimination predominate

Answer 26

when distribution reaches equivalence

Question 28

true or false beta is always a higher value than alpha

Answer 28

FALSE - alpha is always higher than beta

Question 29

if beta is a VERY HIGH VALUE, what does this mean

Answer 29

there is no distribution (accumulation) at all. this is a 1 compartment model

Question 30

what is P?

Answer 30

indicates 3 compartment model the y-intercept of the first order rate process of shallow distributive phase process

Question 31

what is pi

Answer 31

indicates 3 compartment model hybrid rate constant for shallow distributive phase

Question 32

true or false pi is not a hybrid rate constant

Answer 32

false - it is

Question 33

true or false pi is the hybrid rate constant for the deep distributive phase

Answer 33

FALSE - shallow alpha is deep

Question 34

true or false in the 3 compartment model, A is the y-intercept for the deep distributive phase

Answer 34

TRUE

Question 35

true or false for IV 3 compartment model, Beta is the hybrid rate constant for the elimination phase

Answer 35

true - this doesnt change

Question 36

true or false in the 3 compartment model, there are theoretically 3 separate tissue types that the drug distributes to

Answer 36

FALSE - 2 different ones central compartment + 2 tissue compartments = 3 total compartments

Question 37

how many rate constants are there in the 3 compartment model IV

Answer 37

5 actual (K10, K12, K21, K13, K31) 3 hybrid (alpha, beta, pi)

Question 38

in the 3 compartment IV model, state what each of the 5 rate constants are

Answer 38

k10 - elimination rate constant k12 - rate constant from central compartment to SHALLOW tissue k21 - rate constant from SHALLOW tissue to the central compartment k13 - rate constant from the central compartment to the DEEP tissue k31 - rate constant from the DEEP tissue to the central compartment

Question 39

true or false in the 3 compartment model, elimination of the drug occurs in several places

Answer 39

FALSE - only from the central compartment

Question 40

true or false in the 3 compartment model, k13 is always higher than k12

Answer 40

FALSE - k12 is higher k12 is from the central compartment to the SHALLOW tissue----- this occurs faster than the deep tissue

Question 41

what is Vc

Answer 41

apparent volume of distribution of the central compartment

Question 42

Vc=.....

Answer 42

dose/Co Co = all of the y-intercepts added together (# varies depending on what model. will be 2 for 2 compartment model and 3 for 3 compartment model)

Question 43

true or false shallow tissue reaches equivalence FASTER than the deep tissue

Answer 43

true

Question 44

true or false a lot of drugs follow the 3 compartment model

Answer 44

FALSE - not a lot at all most are adequately described by a 2 compartment model. 90% accuracy is all we need

Question 45

raw date - B line =.....

Answer 45

pure distribution (A line)

Question 46

true or false in a 3 compartment model, alpha is a higher value than pi

Answer 46

FALSE - pi is a higher value than alpha. shallow tissue reaches equivalence first

Question 47

A first-order plot of plasma concentration versus time in a three-compartment model results in what kind of curve?

Answer 47

tri-exponential

Question 48

which will have a steeper initial decline in concentration from the central compartment and why --- 2 compartment model or 3 compartment model?

Answer 48

3 compartment model because the drug is leaving the central compartment in 3 ways rather than 2--- -elimination -distribution to deep tissue -distribution to shallow tissue

Question 49

how many featherings are needed for a 3 compartment model

Answer 49

2

Question 50

in a plot, is concentraion x or is time x

Answer 50

y = concentration x = time

Question 51

in an IV 3 compartment model, what does the 1st feathering remove

Answer 51

removes the effect of elimination

Question 52

in an IV 3 compartment model, what does the 2nd feathering remove

Answer 52

removes the effect of the deep tissue the residuals generated (triangle line) represent pure distribution to shallow tissue

Question 53

in an IV 3 compartment model, which points should be used to find B, P, and A

Answer 53

for B - use last 2 points. pure elimination for A - use points somewhat in the middle. pure deep distribution for P - use 1st 2 points. pure shallow distribution

Question 54

true or false in an IV 3 compartment model, from the first feathering, we will get A and alpha

Answer 54

true from the 2nd feathering we will get P and pi

Question 55

to obtain A, alpha values in the IV 3 compartment model, what points do you use

Answer 55

the last 2 points that were NOT on the B line this is guaranteed deep distribution

Question 56

at what point is there just PURE ELIMINATION in an IV 3 compartment model

Answer 56

when the deep tissue, shallow tissue, and central compartment have all reached equivalence

Question 57

rank the following according to how big they are alpha beta pi

Answer 57

pi is largest then alpha beta is smallest

Question 58

true or false k12 has a higher transfer rate than k13

Answer 58

true