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Precision nutrition > Chapter 11 Macronutrients > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Macronutrients Flashcards

1
Q

Macronutrient split.

A

The percentage of energy in a diet contributed by fat protein and or carbohydrate.

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2
Q

Amino.

A

A nitrogen hydrogen compound with the chemical formula NH2

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3
Q

Nitrogen.

A

One of the fundamental elements in the body.

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4
Q

Carboxyl group

A

An acidic compound with carbon, two oxygens and a hydrogen

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5
Q

Branched chain amino acids BCAAs.

A

Amino acids with a branched molecular structure.

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6
Q

Polypeptides.

A

A complex structure made of multiple peptides forming a protein molecule.

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7
Q

Peptide bonds.

A

Bonds that hold peptides and proteins together.

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8
Q

Pro enzymes.

A

Normally inactive substances that must be activated by other enzymes and chemicals.

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9
Q

Urea.

A

Nitrogen based waste product from protein breakdown. Excreted in urine.

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10
Q

Conditionally essential amino acids.

A

Amino acids that we can make ourselves, but not always effectively particularly when we’re under physical stress.

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11
Q

Phenylketonuria (PKU).

A

An inherited metabolic disease that causes a build up of the amino phenylalanine.

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12
Q

Homocysteine.

A

An inherited metabolic disease that causes a build up of homocysteine and its metabolites.

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13
Q

Hydrocarbon.

A

A compound of hydrogen and carbon bonded together.

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14
Q

Corticosteroid hormones.

A

A group of steroid hormones that includes the glucocorticoids involved in blood sugar regulation and mineralocorticoids involved in regulation of mineral and fluid levels.

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15
Q

Fat soluble vitamins.

A

Vitamins that cannot dissolve in water.

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16
Q

Linoleic acid.

A

An essential omega 3 fatty acid that cannot be made in the body.

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17
Q

Glucocorticoid.

A

A type of hormone involved in blood sugar.

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18
Q

Cortisol.

A

A major stress response and steroid hormone that regulates a wide range of vital body processes.

19
Q

Meta analysis.

A

A type of study that analyses many studies simultaneously.

20
Q

Eicosanoids .

A

Signaling molecules that help regulate processes such as immunity or inflammation.

21
Q

Anti inflammatory.

A

Substances that lower or prevent inflammation.

22
Q

Ions.

A

Particles of an element with an electrical charge.

23
Q

Hydrogenation.

A

Adding hydrogen ions to unsaturated fatty acid to artificially saturate the molecules.

24
Q

Gras generally recognized as safe.

A

A designation given by the United States food administration to food.

25
Q

Conjugated linoleic acid CLA.

A

A naturally occurring trans fat that doesn’t seem to harm humans.

26
Q

Monosaccharide.

A

A simple carbohydrate molecule with one ring . One sugar.

27
Q

Disaccharide.

A

A simple carbohydrate molecule with two rings . Two sugars.

28
Q

Oligosaccharides .

A

A simple carbohydrate molecule with a few rings . A few sugars.

29
Q

Amylose.

A

One of the two main forms of starch, has a long chain structure.

30
Q

Amylopectin.

A

One of the two main forms of starch; has a branched chain structure.

31
Q

Glycosidic bonds.

A

A bond that joins a carbohydrate molecule.

32
Q

Salivary amylases.

A

Enzymes in saliva that break down carbohydrates in the mouth.

33
Q

Hydrolyze.

A

A process of chemical breakdown.

34
Q

Galactose.

A

A simple sugar monosaccharide.

35
Q

Glycemic index. GI.

A

A measure of how quickly and significantly a given food can raise our blood sugar.

36
Q

Glycemic load. GL.

A

An alternative measure to glycemic index. GI, Based on the GI multiplied by the serving size of the food.

37
Q

Insulin index. 11

A

A measure of the amount of insulin the body produces in response to a particular food.

38
Q

Foodmap.

A

A group of carbohydrates fermentable oligo- dimono- saccharides and polyols that can cause digestive problems in some people.

39
Q

Acetate.

A

A type of short chain fatty acid SCFA produced by gut bacteria and involved in metabolic processes.

40
Q

Butyrate.

A

A type of chain fatty acid SCFA produced by gut bacteria and involved in metabolic processes

41
Q

Propionate.

A

A type of short chain fatty acid SCFA produced by gut bacteria and involved in metabolic processes.

42
Q

Enterohepatic recycling.

A

The interconnected process of substances being produced or metabolized by the liver, excreted via bile into the intestines and then reabsorbed through the intestine.

43
Q

Resistance starch.

A

A type of starch that resists digestion and acts like fiber.

Precision nutrition (11 decks)

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