Chapter 11 Mendelian Patterns Of Inheritance

Question 1

What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?

Answer 1

Dominant alleles show with one copy; recessive need two.

Question 2

How do genotype and phenotype relate?

Answer 2

Genotype is the gene code; phenotype is the visible trait.

Question 3

How do you use a Punnett square?

Answer 3

It helps predict the chances of traits in kids.

Question 4

What is an inheritance pattern with more than two alleles?

Answer 4

It’s when more than 2 versions of a gene exist, like blood types.

Question 5

What is incomplete dominance?

Answer 5

Traits blend, like red and white flowers making pink.

Question 6

What is incomplete penetrance?

Answer 6

A person has the gene but might not show the trait.

Question 7

What are polygenic traits?

Answer 7

Traits controlled by many genes, like height.

Question 8

What are multifactorial traits?

Answer 8

Traits affected by both genes and environment.

Question 9

What’s the difference between X-linked and autosomal inheritance?

Answer 9

X-linked is on the X chromosome; autosomal is on non-sex chromosomes.

Question 10

What is a dominant allele?

Answer 10

An allele that shows even with just one copy.

Question 11

What is a recessive allele?

Answer 11

It shows only when both copies are the same.

Question 12

What is an allele?

Answer 12

A version of a gene.

Question 13

What is a gene?

Answer 13

A piece of DNA that controls a trait.

Question 14

What is a genotype?

Answer 14

The gene pair you have, like BB or Bb. (Genetic information )

Question 15

What is a phenotype?

Answer 15

The visible trait you show. (Physical traits)

Question 16

What does homozygous mean?

Answer 16

Two of the same alleles, like BB or bb.

Question 17

What does heterozygous mean?

Answer 17

Two different alleles, like Bb.

Question 18

What is a Punnett square?

Answer 18

A chart to predict genes in kids.

Question 19

What is codominance?

Answer 19

Both traits show up, like AB blood type.

Question 20

What is incomplete dominance?

Answer 20

A mix of traits, like red and white = pink.

Question 21

What is a polygenic trait?

Answer 21

A trait with many genes involved.

Question 22

What is a multifactorial trait?

Answer 22

A trait influenced by genes and environment.

Question 23

What is X-linked inheritance?

Answer 23

A trait found on the X chromosome.

Question 24

What is autosomal inheritance?

Answer 24

A trait on a non-sex chromosome.

Question 25

What is a monohybrid cross?

Answer 25

A cross studying one trait. (Height/ tall or short )

Question 26

Compare and contrast dominant and recessive alleles.

Answer 26

Dominant = always shows if present. Recessive = only shows if both alleles are recessive.

Question 27

How do alleles relate to genotype and phenotype?

Answer 27

Genotype = genetic code (e.g. Aa). Phenotype = physical trait (e.g. brown eyes). Alleles make up the genotype, which controls phenotype.

Question 28

How do you use a Punnett square to predict offspring?

Answer 28

Match parent’s alleles in a 2x2 grid. Fill in boxes to see possible genotypes and probabilities.

Question 29

What is the law of probability in genetics?

Answer 29

Each allele has an equal chance of being passed on.

Question 30

Explain traits with more than two alleles.

Answer 30

Multiple alleles = more than 2 options (e.g. blood type A, B, O).

Question 31

Contrast incomplete dominance and incomplete penetrance.

Answer 31

Incomplete dominance = blend (e.g. red + white = pink). Incomplete penetrance = gene present but not always shown.

Question 32

What are polygenic and multifactorial traits?

Answer 32

Polygenic = many genes (e.g. height). Multifactorial = genes + environment (e.g. diabetes).

Question 33

How does X-linked inheritance differ from autosomal?

Answer 33

X-linked = on X chromosome, affects males more. Autosomal = on non-sex chromosomes, affects both sexes.