Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psychology > chapter 11 motivation > Flashcards

chapter 11 motivation Flashcards

1
Q

motivation

A

need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

instinct

A

complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species that is unlearned

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

drive reduction theory

A

idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy a need

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

homeostasis

A

tendency to mantain a balanced or constant internal state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

incentive

A

positive or negative stimulus that motivates behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

yerkes dodson law

A

principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point beyond which performance decreases; moderate arousal produces optimal performance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

maslows hierarchy of needs

A

views human motives as pyramid

at the base are basic physiological needs and at the top are the highest human needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Maslow Hierarchy of needs: actual hierarchy

A 
self-transcendence needs
self- actualization needs
esteem needs
belongingness and love needs
safety needs
physiological needs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do humans regulate calorie intake in the physiology of hunger?

A

How do humans regulate calorie intake in the physiology of hunger?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Glucose

A

form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues
triggers feeling of huger when low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

arcuate nucleus

A

brain structure that pumps appetite suppressing hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the appetite hormones

A

GHRELIN-involves hunger arousing hormones secreted by empty stomach
INSULIN-hormone secreted by pancreas; controls blood glucose
LEPTIN-protein hormone recreated by fat cells; when abundant, causes brain to increase metabolism and decrease hunger
OREXIN-hunger triggering hormone secreted by hypothalamus
PYY-digestive tract hormone; sends I’m not hungry” signals to the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Set point

A

point at which your weight thermostat is supposedly set. When your body falls below this point, increased hunger and lower metabolic rate may combine to restore lost weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Taste preferences

A

Body chemistry and environmental factors influence taste preferences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

friends and food

we find ourselves eating more when eating with others

A

the presence of others amplify natural behavior tendencies called social facilitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

serving size

A

quantity of consumed food is influenced by size of serving, dinnerware and cultural norms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

food variety

A

promotes overeating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

BMI for underweight

A

below 18.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

BMI for normal

A

18.5-24.9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

BMI for overweight

A

25.0-29.9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

BMI for obese

A

30 or above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

obesity rates across the world are

A

increasing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

in 2010, no US state had an obesity rate less than

24
Q

Basal metabolic rate

A

bodys resting rate of energy output

25
genetics influence body weigth
weights resemble biological parents | identical twins have similar weights
26
What environmental factors influence obesity?
Sleep loss contributes to fall in leptin levels and rise in ghrelin Social influence
27
sexual orientation
enduring sexual attraction to another
28
How many people are exclusively homosexual? Bisexual?
3-4% of men and 2% of women 5% of men and 13% of women
29
APA reports efforts to change sexual orientation are _____ to be successful and involve some risk of ______
unlikely,harm
30
Homosexuality is more likely based on ______ factors
biological | differing brain centers, genetics, parental hormone exposure
31
In homosexual men, what parts of the brain differ and how?
anterior hypothylamus is smaller and anterior commissure is larger
32
Genetic influences on homosexuality
family: runs in family | Twin studies: identical twins more likely than fraternal
33
Prenatal hormones
research reveals that homosexuals have many traits that are intermediate between heterosexual females and males
34
testosterone
most important male sex hormone | develops male sex organs and male sex characteristics
35
estrogen sex hormones
estradiol, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males contributes to female sex characteristics
36
pubertal stage
surge triggers development of sex characteristics and sexual interest
37
menopause
stage later in life where estrogen levels drop
38
____ or ______ may cause hormonal shifts
surgery or drugs
39
sexual response cycle
the four stages of sexual responding | Excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution
40
sexual dysfunction
a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning
41
erectile disorder
inability to develop or maintain an erection due to insufficient blood flow to the penis
42
refractory period
a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm
43
female orgasmic disorder
feeling distressed due to infrequently or never experiencing orgasm
44
paraphilias
experiencing sexual arousal from fantasies,behaviors or urges involving nonhuman objects, the suffering of self or others, and/or non consenting persons
45
AIDS
life threatening, sexually transmitted infection caused by HIV; depletes immune system and leaves person vulnerable to infection
46
sophisticated brain allows us to experience sexual arousal from
what is real and what is imagined
47
external sexual stimuli
men- erotic material aligns with personal sexual interest | women- content and intensity of sex
48
imagined sexual stimuli
95% of people report having sexual fantasies
49
influences of higher teen pregnancy
minimal communication about birth control guilt related to sexual activity alcohol use media related norms of unprotected promiscuity
50
Characteristics of teens who delay having sex
High intelligence Religious engagement Father presence Participation in service learning program
51
the need to belong affects
thoughts, emotions, and behaviors
52
______ pain is experienced in social isolation
real
53
affiliation need
the need to build relationships and to feel part of a group
54
narcissism
excessive self-love and self-absorbtion
55
maintaining a balance with social media
- monitor your time - monitor your feelings - hide your more distracting online friends - turn off device - social networking fasting - refocus by taking a nature walk
56
achievement motivation
a desire for significant accomplishment, for mastery of skills or ideas, for control, and for attaining a high standard
57
grit
in psychology, passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals.

Psychology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions