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Psychology2 > Chapter 11: Motivation and Emotion > Flashcards

Chapter 11: Motivation and Emotion Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Motivation

A

The urge to move towards one’s goals

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2
Q

Needs

A

States of cellular or bodily deficiency that compel drives. These are what your body seeks like food, water, and oxygen

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3
Q

Drives

A

Perceived states of tension that occur when our bodies are deficient in some need. These deficiencies create a drive (thirst or hunger) to fix the state.

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4
Q

Incentive

A

An external object or event that motivates behavior such as money or winning a championship

So needs come from the body, incentive come from the environment

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5
Q

Examples of needs and drives?

A 
Needs: Nutrients Drives: Hungry
Needs: Water Drives: Thirsty
Needs: Oxygen Drives: Suffocated
Needs: Social Contact Drives: Lonely
Needs: Pleasure Drives: Sex
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6
Q

Homeostasis

A

organisms work to maintain a Physiological balance around an optimal set point

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7
Q

set point

A

ideal fixed setting of a particular physiological system

For example like a thermostat in a room to make the temperature hot or colder to get it to room temperature, our bodies work the same way to get it to 98 degrees

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8
Q

Yekes-Dodson law

A

The principle that moderate levels of arousal lead to optimal performance

performance is worst when we are not very aroused (Asleep) or overly aroused (anxious)

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9
Q

Self-actualization

A

The inherent drive to realize one’s full potential

its one the top of the pyramid

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10
Q

What is the order from top to bottom of Hierarchy’s pyramid model?

A 
Self-actualization
Esteem needs
Love and belonginess needs
Safety and security needs
Physiological needs
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11
Q

Metabolism

A

The rate at which we consume energy

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12
Q

What are the four biological components of hunger

A

Stomach, blood, brain, and hormones&neurochemicals

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13
Q

What is growling

A

Gastric secretions when we see food

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14
Q

What are stomach contractions?

A

Occur two hours after stomach and intestines have been relatively empty

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15
Q

Why does the stomach not necessarily cause hunger alone?

A

Some regions of the brain like the hypothalamus causes hunger psychologically. you could have ur stomach removed and still get hungry

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16
Q

glucose

A

simple sugar in the blood that provides energy for cells throughout the body

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17
Q

hypothalamus

A

triggers drive to eat when sugar levels drop

regulates psychological needs of hunger. acts as sensory detector, when body sends signals to hypo for nutrients need, hyp then signals to other parts of brain whether to start or stop eating

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18
Q

What four hormones simulate appetite?

A

Neuropeptide Y - released by hypo when animal is underfed or hungry

Ghrelin - sends signals to the brain for hunger, levels drop after eating

Orexin and Melanin - They are endocannabinoids. Natural chemicals that cause hunger. Sometimes blocked to help weight loss

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19
Q

What four hormones suppress appetite?

A

Insulin - Produced by pancreas, transports glucose, high sugar stimulates it

Leptin, Peptitde YY, and Chloecystokinin

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20
Q

Why do we eat WHAT we eat?

A

Influenced by external factors like culture, what you’re exposed to, even climate has an impact. People who live in Cold climates : eat raw animal fat. warm climates: spices

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21
Q

What is the motivation to be thin?

A

Food is abundant, always will be there. People live sedentary lifestyle compared to old days. Thin is more attractive, 70% girls between 14 and 21 say they’re on a diet. Obsession with thinness leads to eating disorders

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22
Q

Why could some people be obese?

A

It is 70% genetic. Adopted children lead towards natural parents body state than legal parents. Genes also control the number of fat cells a person has. Every year 10% of fat cells die, then 10% of fat cells are replaced

A gene that suppresses appetite, leptin, isn’t working properly

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23
Q

What is the evolutionary model?

A

purpose of organism is to survive and reproduce.

thru natural selection we want to survive.

three primary motivators are pleasure, pain, and reduction

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24
Q

Sexual response and its four phases?

Study These Flashcards
A 
Actions that produce arousal and increase chance of orgasm
Four phases:
Excitement
Plateau
Orgasm
Resolution (EPOR)
25
Biology of sexual behavior?
Hypothalamus, testosterone in both genders
26
3 socities of sexual attitudes
restrictive (marriage) semirestrictive (formally against pre and extra marital sex but not forcefully forced) permissive (few restrictions)
27
Achievement motivation
Desire to do things well and overcome obstacles
28
motivation to achieve success function of 3 things
motivation to succeed, expectations of success, and incentive value of the succes
29
What is extrinsic motivation?
Extrinsic - motivation that comes from outside a person and involves rewards/praise if reward is removed, motivation could be gone if it stays the same, motivation could drop
30
Intrinsic Motivation
Motivation that comes from within a person involves challenge, enjoyment, mastery, and autonomy/self-determination
31
What is perceived organizational support?
employees beliefs about how much the organization appreciates and supports their contributions and well-being if it happens it helps motivate the employee a lot. give them more happiness, less stressed, fewer missed days, fewer long breaks
32
emotions
brief, acute changes in conscious experience and physiology that occur in response to a meaningful situation in the persons environment
33
moods
transient changes in affect that fluctuate throughout the day or several days
34
affective traits
enduring aspects of our personalities that set the threshold for the occurrence of particular emotional states
35
basic emotions
anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise
36
self-conscious emotions
emotions that occur as a function of how well we live up to your expectations, expectations of others, or the rules set by society shame, guilt, humiliation, embarrassment, pride
37
How can emotions be organized responses?
When danger approaches the heart pumps blood, respitory gets more oxygen, brain tries to figure things out.
38
Broaden-and-build model
Positive emotions widen our cognitive perspective and help us acquire useful life skills
39
What are the four stages of emotional process?
Antecedent event, appraisal, emotional response, and changes in physiology
40
Antecedent event
A situation that may lead to emotional response
41
Appraisal
Evaluation of a situation with respect to how relevant it is to ones own welfare. Determines whether or not a situation leads to an emotion It may happen on an automatic, unconscious level
42
What is emotional regulation?
Cognitive and behavioral efforts people use to modify their emotions
43
What are the two emotional regulation strategies?
Reappraisal - one reevaluates an event so that a different emotion results expressive suppression - involves the deliberate attempt to inhibit the outward manifestation of an emotion
44
emotional response
emerged from events appraised as relevant to ones safety or goals. they are the physiological, behavioral/expressive, and subjective changes that occur when emotions are generated
45
What are some physiological changes when emotions happen?
Increases in heart rate and the rate of respiration
46
What are some changes in behavioral-expressive changes?
Facial expression, face, and voice change
47
How do psychologists use FACS - Facial Action Coding System?
To see changes in behavioral-expressive way. It observes all muscle movements that are possible in human face. All facial expressions such as sadness disgust fear surprise, are all shown when people experience emotions
48
What is Duchenne smile?
A true, genuine smile that uses the face muscles to move lip corners diagonally and the muscles that encircle the eye
49
What are the two opinions regarding emotion expression (culture vs universal)
Culturally relative - expressions vary across cultures and could only be understood in their cultural context Universal - expressions common to all human beings and can be seen in all cultures worldwide
50
Sujective experience of emotion
Changes in the quality of our conscious experience that happen during emotional responses (for ex anger feels different from sadness)
51
James-Lange theory of emotion, which is thought to produce subjective emotions
the idea that it is perception of psychological changes that accompany emotions that produces the subjective emotional experience people from different countries may not accurately know emotions being experienced
52
What role do parts of the brain play in emotions?
Amygdala - plays role of appraisal, notices fear relevant info prefrontal cortex - involved in determing options for response or reappraisal
53
Neurocultural theory of emotion
Some facial expressions and physiological changes associated with emotion are universal and others are culturally derived
54
Display rules
Learned norms or rules about when it is appropriate to express certain emotions and to whom one should show them
55
Sexes differ most in emotions
Women tend to talk about emotions more than men do Description of their emotional experiences Frequency of smiling
56
What is emotional intelligence?
The ability to recognize emotions in oneself and others, empathetic understanding, and skills for regulating emotions in oneself and others (PATHS curriculum, socioemotional learning)
57
Life satisfcation
Overall evaluation we make of our lives
58
Subjective well-being
state that consists of life satisfaction, domain satisfaction, and positive and negative affect
59
Whats the key to happy in life: finding meaning or income
Meaning, income not directly related to subjective well being

Psychology2 (3 decks)

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