Chapter 11: Motivation and emotion Flashcards
What is motivation
Processes that influence the direction, persistence, and vigor of goal-directed behavior
What are instincts
A hard-wired way we behave when exposed to a certain stimulus
What is drive theory
An idea that relates to physiological homeostasis. When it gets interrupted, a drive is produced making the organism act in a certain way to regain homeostasis. It involves sensors, a control center, and a response system
What are some issues with drive theory
People often act in a way to change homeostasis. (eg. riding a roller coaster)
What do theorizes focusing on incentives emphasize on
Pull factors
Describe the expectancy x value theory
Behavior is determined by a combination of the strength of expectations that the behavior will lead to a goal and how much value the person places on achieving that goal
What are incentives
Stimuli that pull organisms toward a goal
What is intrinsic vs extrinsic motivation
Intrinsic motivation is accomplishing a goal for its own sake (eg. accomplishment, interest) and has more value and long lasting effects.
Extrinsic motivation is performing a task for a certain reward or to avoid punishment.
What is the overjustification hypothesis
Providing extrinsic rewards for something that one finds intrinsically rewarding diminishes the overall motivation
What ideas does the psychodynamic view present on motivation
It states that unconscious motives affect our behavior (ie. wanting to play hockey because you are more violent and its more acceptable in hockey). It emphasizes on sexual and aggressive motives.
What does the humanistic view state about motivation
It distinguishes deficiency needs (physical/social survival) and growth needs (reaching our full potential).
It also shows the idea of a need hierarchy which shows a progression of needs across multiple tiers which lead to self-actualization.
What does the self-determination theory focus on
- Competence-need to overcome new obstacles
- Autonomy-The ability to exercise free choice in an unconstrained way
- Relatedness-meaningful social connection
What does set point theory state
We have an internal physiological standard that regulates body weight
What are the 4 signals of hunger
- Stomach contracts
- Livir converts stored nutrients into glucose, causing drop-rise patterns
- Ghrelin is released by small intestines
- Neuopeptide Y released by Periventricular nucleus (PVN)
What signals satiety (feeling full)
- Various peptides released by small intestine
- Leptin- hormones released by fat cells that amplify feeling of satiety
- Stomach expands
What is the lateral hypothalamus
Associated with stimulating eating
What is the ventromedial hypothalamus
Associated with inhibiting eating
What is the periventricular nucleus
Integrates information across various hunger/satiety signals
What are gonadotropins
They affect the rate at which gonads release androgens (testosterone) and estrogen (estradiol) which are sex hormones. Both are important for both genders
What are organizational effects from sex hormones
Organizational effects- reflects the development of male/female sex characteristics
Antinational effects- Begins at puberty, stimulate sexual desire and behavior
What is a need for achievement
A desire to accomplish a task for intrinsic reasons
What is the difference between motive for success and fear of failure
Motive for success is being driven by wanting long term success while fear of failure is being driven by the fear that if you don’t work, you’ll fail
What is achievement goal theory
Describes four “achievement/motivation profiles” which vary in goal type/focus
Describe emotions
Positive or negative feeling states which can be associated with a pattern of cognitive, physiological, and behavioral reactions. They also play a art in motivation
