Chapter 11 Mouth or oral cavity

Question 1

The mouth, oral cavity is also called the?

Answer 1

buccal cavity

Question 2

Where does digestion begin?

Answer 2

the mouth

Question 3

What are the key structures of clinical significance in the mouth?

Answer 3

lips, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, hard palate, soft palate, and oropharynx

Question 4

What role does the lips play?

Answer 4

they play a role as a prehension organ - meaning an animal can use the lips to grasp food and pull it into the mouth

Question 5

Labial is the term used to describe anything pertaining to the…?

Answer 5

lips

Question 6

The salivary glands produce…?

Answer 6

saliva - which performs a variety of digestive and lubrication functions

Question 7

What are the 3 matching pairs of salivary glands?

Answer 7

1 - parotid salivary glands - located just ventral to the ear canals
2 - mandibular salivary glands - located ventral to the parotid glands at the caudal angle of the mandible
3- sublingual salivary glands - located medial to the shafts of the mandible just under the base of the tongue

Question 8

The teeth are responsible for ?

Answer 8

physically breaking down food into smaller pieces

Question 9

What is the term that means physically breaking down food into smaller pieces?

Answer 9

masstication

Question 10

What is maxilla?

Answer 10

the incisive bones of the skull that contain the upper arcade of teeth

Question 11

What is the upper arcade of teeth?

Answer 11

teeth in the upper part of the mouth

Question 12

What contains the lower arcade of teeth?

Answer 12

the mandible

Question 13

What do carnivore teeth look like?

Answer 13

more pointed on their occlusal surface; slightly curved toward back of mouth

Question 14

What are carnivore teeth good for?

Answer 14

good for holding prey, tearing, cutting, and shredding

Question 15

What do herbivore teeth look like?

Answer 15

flat occlusal surfaces

Question 16

What are herbivore teeth good for?

Answer 16

good for grinding plant and grain material

Question 17

Carnivores and Herbivores teeth are classified as …?

Answer 17

incisors, canine, premolars and molars

Question 18

What are the premolars?

Answer 18

cutting teeth, rostral cheek teeth, has sharp points and surfaces in carnivores

Question 19

What are molars?

Answer 19

grinding teeth, causal cheek teeth, larger, flatter occlusal surfaces, used for grinding

Question 20

What are incisors?

Answer 20

grasping teeth, most rostral teeth of upper and lower arcade

Question 21

What are canines?

Answer 21

Tearing teeth, located at the corners of the incisors, longer than other teeth, pointed at the tip

Question 22

What does lingual mean?

Answer 22

inner surface of the lower arcade of teeth

Question 23

What does palatal mean?

Answer 23

inner surface of the upper arcade

Question 24

What does labial mean?

Answer 24

outer surface of the upper and lower arcade at the front of the mouth

Question 25

What does buccal mean?

Answer 25

outer surface of the teeth more caudal in the mouth

Question 26

What is the dental formula?

Answer 26

represents the typical number of each type of tooth found in the upper and lower arcade

Question 27

To designate the tooth type do you use uppercase letters for adult or deciduous teeth (baby teeth)?

Answer 27

adult teeth

Question 28

To designate the tooth type do you use lowercase letters for adult or deciduous teeth (baby teeth)?

Answer 28

deciduous teeth (baby teeth)

Question 29

_____ have no upper incisors or upper canine teeth.

Answer 29

Ruminants

Question 30

What is the dental pad?

Answer 30

flat thick connective tissue structure on the maxilla opposite the lower incisors and canine teeth

Question 31

What is the dental formula?

Answer 31

tooth type followed by two numbers separated by a slash mark or expressed as a fraction of one number over the other

Question 32

What does the first number stand for?

Answer 32

number of teeth in half of the upper arcade

Question 33

What does the second number stand for?

Answer 33

number of teeth in half of the lower arcade

Question 34

How do you determine the total number of teeth in the mouth?

Answer 34

sum up all of the numbers I, C, P, M and and multiply by 2

Question 35

The pig has a complete dental formula - what is that formula?

Answer 35

I 3/3 C1/1 P 4/4 M 3/3 = 44 teeth

Question 36

What is the pulp in a tooth?

Answer 36

center of tooth - blood and nerve supply enter at the apex of the tooth root

Question 37

What is the dentin that surrounds the the tooth pulp?

Answer 37

is more dense than bone and helps to protect the sensitive pulp

Question 38

What is the cementum and what does it do?

Answer 38

- a hard connective tissue that helps fasten the tooth securely in its bony socket - it covers the root of the tooth?

Question 39

What is enamel and what does it do?

Answer 39

- the hardest, toughest tissue in the body | - covers the crown of the tooth

Question 40

What is the purpose of the oral cavity?

Answer 40

to prehend (take hold of) the food, initiate mastication (chewing) and chemcial digest, and prepare the food for swallowing

Question 41

Mastication can also be referred to as ...?

Answer 41

mechanical digestion

Question 42

What is gingiva?

Answer 42

epithelial tissue that composes the gums around the teeth

Question 43

What is mechanical digestion?

Answer 43

breaks down the food into smaller particles to increase the surface area available for exposure to the enzymes involved in chemical digestion

Question 44

What is chemical digestion?

Answer 44

saliva - added to food as it is chewed moistens, softens, and shapes food into a form that is more readily swallowed

Question 45

What are digestive enzymes?

Answer 45

are proteins that promote (catalyze) the chemical reactions that split complex food molecules up into simpler compounds.

Question 46

Enzymes be recognized because their names usually end in ______?

Answer 46

–ase – they are components of the food (sugars, proteins, and fats, etc)

Question 47

What is amylase?

Answer 47

– an enzyme found in the saliva of omnivores, such as rats and pigs, but is absent in carnivores, like dogs and cats. Salivary amylase breaks down amylase, a sugar component of starch.

Question 48

What is lipase

Answer 48

– an enzyme that digests lipids (fats), also may be found in the saliva of some young animals (calves) while they are nursing or on a high-milk diet.

Question 49

What does sodium biocarbonate and phosphate buffers found in cattle saliva do?

Answer 49

it neutralizes acids normally formed in the rumen (1st stomach) and to help maintain the healthy pH of the rumen

Question 50

What does the autonomic nervous system control?

Answer 50

most of the glands in the digestive system

Question 51

What does the parasympathetic stimulation do?

Answer 51

increases salivation | anticipation of eating can cause parasympathetic stimulation of the salivary glands

Question 52

What does the sympathetic nervous system stimulation do?

Answer 52

decreases salivation | fear or parasympathetic nervous system inhibitors like atropine produce dry mouth