Chapter 11 The digestive system

Question 1

The digestive system consists of …?

Answer 1

• a tube that runs from the mouth to the anus

- accessory digestive organs that aid the process of digestion and absorption of nutrients

Question 2

The digestive tube is known as the …?

Answer 2

digestive tract, gastrointestinal tract (GI), the alimentary canal, or gut

Question 3

Herbivores are …?

Answer 3

plant-eating animals

Question 4

What animals are examples of herbivores?

Answer 4

cattle, sheep, goats

Question 5

Carnivores are…?

Answer 5

meat-eating animals (cats)

Question 6

Omnivores are…?

Answer 6

animals that eat plant material and meat

Question 7

Monogastric animals are…?

Answer 7

simple, single stomachs

Question 8

Ruminants have what kind of digestion process?

Answer 8

multiple mixing and fermentation compartments in addition to the stomach

Question 9

What are the 4 digestive tract functions?

Answer 9

prehension 
mastication 
chemical digestion
absorption of nutrients and water
elimination of wastes

Question 10

What is prehension?

Answer 10

grasping of food with the lips or teeth

Question 11

What is mastication?

Answer 11

mechanical grinding and breaking down of food - chewing

Question 12

What two animals do not have a gall bladder?

Answer 12

horses and rabbits

Question 13

The walls of the GI tract is made up of multiple layers what are they?

Answer 13

mucosa, submucosa, muscle layer, and serosa

Question 14

What is the mucosa layer in wall of the GI tract?

Answer 14

lining of GI tract; epithelium and loose connective tissue

Question 15

What is the submucosa layer in wall of the GI tract?

Answer 15

is beneath the mucosa and contains dense connective tissue; may contain glands

Question 16

What is the muscle layer in wall of the GI tract?

Answer 16

located outside the submucosa

Question 17

What is the serosa layer in wall of the GI tract?

Answer 17

it is the outermost layer that consists of a thin, tough layer of connective tissue

Question 18

The digestive tube in the abdomen is suspended from the dorsal body wall by sheets of connective tissue called?

Answer 18

mesentery

Question 19

The mesentery contains…?

Answer 19

blood and lymph vessels and nerves that supply the GI tract

Question 20

What two types of epithelium line the digestive tube?

Answer 20

stratified squamous epithelium

simple columnar epithelium

Question 21

What is thick and tough and lines the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus at one end of the tube and the anus at the other end?

Answer 21

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 22

What runs from junction of esophagus and stomach through the intestines to junction of rectum and anus and the nutrients are absorbed through this thin epithelium

Answer 22

simple columnar epithelium

Question 23

What are the two kinds of muscles that make up the wall of the digestive tube?

Answer 23

skeletal muscles and smooth muscles

Question 24

Skeletal muscle is under _____ control and is present in what four areas?

Answer 24

voluntary

mouth, pharynx, the cranial part of the esophagus, and the external anal sphincter

Question 25

Smooth muscle is present in the _____ of the rest of the digestive tube such as... (6 areas)

Answer 25

wall | the majority of the esophagus, the stomach, the small intestine, the large intestine, and the internal anal sphincter

Question 26

The contents of the digestive tract are moved and mixed by two main types of smooth muscle contractions, what are they?

Answer 26

peristalsis (peristaltic contractions) and segmental contractions

Question 27

What does a peristalsis contraction do?

Answer 27

have circular muscle contractions, wavelike moves contents along the tract, propel digestive tract contents along the tube ahead of them

Question 28

What do segmental contractions do?

Answer 28

have periodic circular muscle contractions, occur in different adjacent sites, and mixes digestive tract contents and slows their movement through the tract

Question 29

In most of the GI tract, the muscle is arranged how?

Answer 29

in circular and longitudinal layers