Chapter 11: Neuroanatomy

Question 1

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 1

Brain and spinal cord

Question 2

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 2

Cranial nerves and spinal nerves

Question 3

Somatic nervous system

Answer 3

Voluntary bodily function (skeletal muscles)

Question 4

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Answer 4

Involuntary bodily functions (organs)

Question 5

Sympathetic divison

Answer 5

Expand energy, fight or flight response

Question 6

Parasympathetic division

Answer 6

Conserve energy

Question 7

Cranial nerves

Answer 7

Emerge from the brain

Question 8

Spinal nerves

Answer 8

Emerge from the spinal cord

Question 9

Cerebrum

Answer 9

In the brain

Question 10

Brainstem

Answer 10

Becomes the spinal cord

Question 11

Cerebellum

Answer 11

“Little brain”
Balancing, movement, and coordination

Question 12

CNS protection

Answer 12

Bony shell and vertebral column (skull and spine)

Meninges (dura, arachnoid, pia)

Cerebrospinal fluid (fluid that holds structures together)

Question 13

Eight Cranial Bones

Answer 13

Temporal (2)
Parietal (2)
Occipital
Frontal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid

Question 14

Vertebral Column (Spine)

Answer 14

30 skeletal divisions
7 cervical vertebrae (8 cranial nerves)
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal

Question 15

Dura mater

Answer 15

Outermost thick layer

Question 16

Arachnoid Membrane

Answer 16

Between the dura and pia
Spinal web
CSF

Question 17

Pia mater

Answer 17

Innermost thin layer

Question 18

SuBdural Hematoma

Answer 18

Banna
Crescent shape

Question 19

EPIdural Hematoma

Answer 19

Pie or lemon
Lens shaped

Question 20

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Answer 20

Colorless, clear fluid produced by the choroid plexus most produced by the lateral and 4th ventricle

Question 21

Functions of CSF

Answer 21

Cushions the CNS
Interface with vascular system

Question 22

Glial cells

Answer 22

Helper cells

Question 23

Types of glial cells

Answer 23

Schwann cells, oligodendrocytes, microglia, astrocytes

Question 24

Astrocytes

Answer 24

Provides stiffness and overall support, protective

Question 25

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 25

Makes myelin the CNS

Question 26

Schwann Cells

Answer 26

Makes myelin in the PNS

Question 27

Microglia

Answer 27

Cleans up debris when theres an injury

Question 28

Gross anatomy

Answer 28

Cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, brainstem, spinal cord

Question 29

Telencephalon

Answer 29

Consists Gray matter = dendrites, cell bodies White matter = axons

Question 30

Outermost layer of the cerebral hemisphere

Answer 30

Cerebral cortex

Question 31

Longitudinal Fissure

Answer 31

Divides brain into left and right hemipshere

Question 32

Lobes of the cerebrum

Answer 32

Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

Question 33

Frontal lobe

Answer 33

Pre central gyrus (voluntary movement) Primary motor cortex Broca's area

Question 34

Parietal Lobe

Answer 34

Postcentral gyrus Primary somatosensory cortex (touch)

Question 35

Temporal Lobe

Answer 35

Primary auditory cortex Heschl's gyrus Wernike's

Question 36

Occipital Lobe

Answer 36

Primary visual cortex

Question 37

White matter tracts

Answer 37

bundles of axons

Question 38

Commissural

Answer 38

Course L-R Ex. corpus callosum

Question 39

Projection

Answer 39

Descending motor (efferent) and ascending sensory (afferent)

Question 40

Association

Answer 40

Connect different regions within the same hemisphere

Question 41

Posterior cerebral artery

Answer 41

In the circle of willis

Question 42

Circle of Willis

Answer 42

Provides blood flow even though arteries are blocked

Question 43

Efferent

Answer 43

Away

Question 44

Afferent

Answer 44

Toward

Question 45

Basal ganglia

Answer 45

collection of gray matter

Question 46

Diencephalon

Answer 46

Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus

Question 47

Thalamus

Answer 47

Sensory motor relay station

Question 48

Hypothalamus

Answer 48

Autonomic function Below the thalamus

Question 49

Brainstem consists of

Answer 49

Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongota