Chapter 11: Nucleotide Biosynthesis

Question 1

are polymers that consist of nucleotide residues

Answer 1

nucleic acid

Question 2

located in the nuclei of the cell

Answer 2

nucleic acid

Question 3

hereditary determinants of living organisms

Answer 3

nucleic acid

Question 4

What is the elemental composition of nucleic acid?

Answer 4

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus

or CHONPS

Question 5

types of nucleic acid

Answer 5

DNA and RNA

Question 6

what does DNA mean?

Answer 6

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 7

what does RNA mean?

Answer 7

Ribonucleic acid

Question 8

what is the structure of nucleic acids?

Answer 8

polynucleotides

Question 9

what are the building blocks of the nucleic acid structure?

Answer 9

nucleotides

Question 10

describe the nucleotide structure

Answer 10

phosphate

then

sugar (ribose or deoxyribose)

then

base (purines and pyrimidines)

then pointing towards

nucleotide

Question 11

a sugar that is naturally produced by the body from food

Answer 11

ribose

Question 12

a sugar derived from ribose by replacing a hydroxyl group with hydrogen.

Answer 12

deoxyribose

Question 13

dna is made of ___

Answer 13

2 strands of polynucleotide

Question 14

the sister strands of the DNA run ___

Answer 14

in opposite directions (antiparallel)

Question 15

sister strands are joined ___

Answer 15

by the bases

Question 16

Each base is paired with a specific partner:

A is always paired with ___

Answer 16

T

Question 17

Each base is paired with a specific partner:

G is always paired with ___

Answer 17

C

Question 18

Each base is paired with a specific partner:

Purine is always paired with ___

Answer 18

Pyrimidine

Question 19

Thus the sister strands are ___ but ___

Answer 19

complimentary

identical

Question 20

the bases of sister strands are joined by ___

Answer 20

hydrogen

Question 21

The structure of DNA can be understood in terms of 3 levels of structure:

Answer 21

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

Question 22

refers to the sequence of its nucleotide residue

Answer 22

primary structure

Question 23

it pertains to the helix formed by two DNA strands

Answer 23

secondary structure

Question 24

refers to the 3 dimensional shape. Arises from supercoiling where double helix is being twisted into compact shape

Answer 24

tertiary structure

Question 25

two chemical compounds that cells use to make the building blocks of DNA and RNA.

Answer 25

Purine

Pyrimidine

Question 26

Examples of Purine

Answer 26

adenine and guanine

Question 27

Examples of Pyrimidine

Answer 27

cytosine, thymine, and uracil

Question 28

are used to make DNA

Answer 28

Cytosine and thymine

Question 29

are used to make RNA

Answer 29

cytosine and uracil

Question 30

a. The parent molecule has 2 complementary strands of DNA. Each base is paired by ___ with its specific partner

Answer 30

hydrogen bonding

Question 31

b. The first step in replication is ___

Answer 31

the separation of the two DNA strands

Question 32

c. Each parental strand now serves as ___ that determines ___

Answer 32

template

the order of nucleotides along a new complementary strand

Question 33

d. The nucleotides are connected to form the ___ of the new strands

Each “daughter” DNA molecule consists of ___

Answer 33

sugar-phosphate backbones

one parental strand and one new strand

Question 34

any permanent change in the primary structure of the (sequence of nucleotides residues in) DNA is called ___

Answer 34

mutation

Question 35

Mutations might involve ___

Answer 35

the switching of one base pair for another

or

addition of deletion of base pairs

Question 36

mutation causing agents

Answer 36

mutagens

Question 37

examples of mutagens

Answer 37

x rays
UV radiation
nuclear radiation
chemicals

Question 38

errors in replication and exposure to mutagens common causes of muations

Answer 38

errors in replication and exposure to mutagens include

Question 39

what is it called when the mutations are in the sex cells and inherited

Answer 39

genetic diseases