Chapter 11 Plant Fibers

Question 1

Name 3 things in this classroom that are made from plants

Answer 1

Pencil, paper, table

Question 2

What is a fiber?

Answer 2

A thread or a filament from a plant tissue

Question 3

What is phloem tissue?

Answer 3

Plant tissue that conducts the transport of food throughout the plant

Question 4

What is wood?

Answer 4

A hard fibrous material that forms the main substance of the trunk or branches of a tree or shrubs, used for fuel and timber

Question 5

What is xylem tissue?

Answer 5

Plant tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals throughout the plant

Question 6

What makes fibers a white color?

Answer 6

Cellulose

Question 7

What are Sclerenchyma fiber cells?

Answer 7

Elongated thick walled, dead plant cells

Question 8

What makes fibers a brown color?

Answer 8

Lignin

Question 9

What method do they use to extract cotton fibers from the cotton plant?

Answer 9

Ginning

Question 10

What is Ginning?

Answer 10

The process of removing seed fibers. Derived from the word engine, “gin” means machine

Question 11

What are the 3 stages of extracting fibers from stems?

Answer 11

Retting, Scutching, Hackling

Question 12

What is retting?

Answer 12

The first process after harvesting a plant to extract the plant fiber. Workers soak the plant stems in water for a period of time until all of the unwanted plant material has decayed.

Question 13

What is Scutching?

Answer 13

The process after retting. This is the beating and scraping of the fibers to remove the remaining unwanted tissue, such as xylem, which adheres to the fibers.

Question 14

What is Hackling?

Answer 14

The process of aligning the separate fibers in vertical pins to detangle them.

Question 15

What process is used to extract fibers from leaves?

Answer 15

Decorticating

Question 16

What is decorticating?

Answer 16

A method used for leaf fibers. Workers crush the fleshy leaf material and scrape the non-fibrous materials.

Question 17

What are the 3 main plants we get surface fibers from?

Answer 17

Coconut, Cotton, Kapok

Question 18

Coconut is in what family?

Answer 18

Palm Family, Arecaceae

Question 19

What process do they use to extract coconut fibers from the fruit?

Answer 19

Retting

Question 20

How long do they Rett coconuts?

Answer 20

10 months

Question 21

Name 2 things coconut fibers can be used for

Answer 21

Rope, brooms

Question 22

Give the common name for the cotton that is native to India and Pakistan

Answer 22

Tree cotton

Question 23

Give the common name for the cotton that is native to Africa and Arabia

Answer 23

Levant cotton

Question 24

Give one common name for the cotton that is native to the Americas, this cotton also makes up 90% of the worlds cotton

Answer 24

West Indian cotton

Question 25

Give one common name for the cotton that is native to the Americas, this cotton provides the finest quality cotton threads and is popular in Egypt

Answer 25

Sea Island cotton

Question 26

Which to cottons are from the old world?

Answer 26

Levant cotton, Tree cotton

Question 27

Which to cottons are from the new world?

Answer 27

West Indian cotton, Sea Island cotton

Question 28

What is a Staple?

Answer 28

Cotton hairs

Question 29

What is the difference between Linter and Lint?

Answer 29

Linter- short, thick hairs, hard to pull off the seed | Lint- long, short hairs, easily detached from the seed

Question 30

Who invented the cotton gin?

Answer 30

Eli Whitney

Question 31

What did the cotton gin begin?

Answer 31

The beginning of the Industrial Revolution

Question 32

How many pairs of jeans can you get from one bale of cotton?

Answer 32

325

Question 33

Which spikey tree provides surface fibers?

Answer 33

Kapok

Question 34

What are Bast fibers?

Answer 34

Soft fibers derived from thick-walled phloem cells they may range from six to fifteen feet long

Question 35

What are the 3 Bast fibers we talked about in class?

Answer 35

Jute, Linen, Hemp

Question 36

Which is the second most produced fiber in the world? This is a type of Bast fiber

Answer 36

Jute

Question 37

Give one example of something made of Jute fiber

Answer 37

Canvases

Question 38

What fiber did Egyptians wrap their mummies in?

Answer 38

Linen

Question 39

Is linen strong?

Answer 39

Yes

Question 40

Give on example of something made of linen

Answer 40

Mail bags

Question 41

Why is linen so expensive?

Answer 41

The extraction method requires manual labor

Question 42

Which fiber makes up the Declaration of Independence?

Answer 42

Hemp

Question 43

What are Hard fibers?

Answer 43

Fibers extracted from the leaves of certain plants with parallel veins (leaf fibers)

Question 44

What are the 2 hard fibers we talked about in class?

Answer 44

Sisal, Abaca

Question 45

Which fiber is extracted from the Agave leaves?

Answer 45

Sisal

Question 46

Which fiber is extracted from the banana plant?

Answer 46

Abaca

Question 47

Name two items made from banana fibers

Answer 47

Tea bags, coffee filters