Chapter 11 - Race and Ethnicity

Question 1

a group of humankind based on shared physical or social qualities that can vary from one society to another

Answer 1

race

Question 2

who divided humans into five races

Answer 2

Johann Friedrich Blumenbach

Question 3

racial categories are created from society rather than biologically determined

Answer 3

social construction of race

Question 4

trait based on shared culture like practices, norms, values, beliefs like language, religion, and traditions.
ex: Caucasian, Hispanic, African American, etc

Answer 4

ethnicity

Question 5

any group of people who are discriminated against because of their physical or cultural characteristics. term described by Louis Wirth

Answer 5

minority group

Question 6

used interchangeably with the term minority group

Answer 6

subordinate group

Question 7

substituted for the group that represents rulers or majority with access to power and privilege

Answer 7

dominant group

Question 8

theory suggesting that the dominant group will displace its unfocused aggression onto a subordinate group

Answer 8

scapegoat theory

Question 9

which perspective views racism as something to strengthen bonds in in-groups, making it important in society

Answer 9

functionalism

Question 10

which perspective sees race and ethnicity as strong symbols and sources of identity and interactions

Answer 10

interactionism

Question 11

which perspective sees race and ethnicity as a continuous dividing factor, increasing inequalities

Answer 11

conflict theory

Question 12

Theory developed by Patricia Hill Collins, suggesting we cannot separate the effects of race, class, gender, sexual orientation, etc.

Answer 12

Intersection Theory

Question 13

the theory that prejudice is embedded in our culture

Answer 13

culture of prejudice

Question 14

oversimplified generalizations about groups of people

Answer 14

stereotypes

Question 15

the beliefs, thoughts, feelings and attitudes someone holds about a group, outside of actual experience

Answer 15

prejudice

Question 16

actions against a group of people based on race, ethnicity, age, religion, etc

Answer 16

discrimination

Question 17

the societal privilege that benefits white people, or perceive white, over non-white people

Answer 17

white privilege

Question 18

a type of prejudice and discrimination used by racial dominant groups to maximize advantages for itself

Answer 18

racism

Question 19

prejudice and discrimination executed by individuals consciously and unconsciously

Answer 19

individual/ interpersonal racism

Question 20

systems and structures that have procedures or processes that disadvantage racial minority groups

Answer 20

systemic racism

Question 21

a type of systemic racism involving singling out racial minorities for differential, harsher treatment

Answer 21

racial profiling

Question 22

economic inequality or social disparity caused by past racism

Answer 22

historical racism

Question 23

the assumption of inferiority of one or more races builds into the culture of a society

Answer 23

cultural racism

Question 24

a form of racism in which someone believes one type of skin tone is superior or inferior to another within a social group

Answer 24

colorism

Question 25

an avoidance of racial language by European-Americans that ignored the fact that racism continues to be an issue

Answer 25

color-avoidance racism

Question 26

when real estate agents direct prospective homeowners toward or away from certain neighborhoods based on their race

Answer 26

racial steering

Question 27

the practice of routinely refusing mortgages for households and businesses located in predominately minority communities

Answer 27

redlining

Question 28

described the intergenerations impact of both practical and legalized racism that limits the abilities of Black people to accumulate wealth

Answer 28

sedimentation or racial inequality

Question 29

a great mixture of different cultures where each culture retains its own identity and yet adds to the whole

Answer 29

pluralism

Question 30

the process by which a minority individual or group gives up its own identity by taking on the characteristics of the dominant culture

Answer 30

assimilation

Question 31

the process by which a minority group and a majority group combine to form a new group

Answer 31

amalgamation

Question 32

the deliberate annihilation of a targeted group

Answer 32

genocide

Question 33

when a subordinate group is forced, by a dominant group, to leave a certain area or country

Answer 33

expulsion

Question 34

the physical separation of two groups, particularly in residence, but also in workplace and social functions

Answer 34

segregation

Question 35

a stereotype applied to a minority group that is seen as reaching significant educational, professional, and socioeconomic levels without challenging the existing establishment

Answer 35

model minority