Chapter 11 - Reproduction

Question 1

What is the function of the male reproductive system ?

Answer 1

To produce and deliver the sperm into the female reproductive system

Question 2

What does the urethra do ?

Answer 2

tube through which the sperm leave the penis

Question 3

What does the penis do ?

Answer 3

organ that introduces sperm into the vagina

Question 4

What does the scrotum do ?

Answer 4

sac that holds the testes at slightly lower than body temp

Question 5

What does the prostate gland do ?

Answer 5

adds fluid to nourish the sperm

Question 6

What does the sperm tube to ?

Answer 6

carries the sperm from the testes to the urethra

Question 7

What do the testes do ?

Answer 7

produce sperm

Question 8

What does the cervix do ?

Answer 8

the opening of the uterus, widens during birth

Question 9

What does the vagina do ?

Answer 9

the penis places sperm here

Question 10

What does the oviduct do ?

Answer 10

carries the eggs to the uterus, fertilisation takes place here

Question 11

What does the uterus do ?

Answer 11

will nourish the developing foetus

Question 12

How are sperm cells adapted to their function ?

Answer 12

• They have a flagellum for swimming
• They are haploid
• have mitochondria for energy production

Question 13

By what process are sperm cells formed ?

Answer 13

Meisos

Question 14

Where does fertilisation take place and what happens ?

Answer 14

Oviducts, the haploid sperm and egg fuse to give a diploid zygote

Question 15

How does the zygote divide and where does it travel to ?

Answer 15

It divides by mitosis and it travels to the uterus

Question 16

What happens the embryo implants itself into the uterus ?

Answer 16

It differentiates to produce a variety of tissues and organs

Question 17

How is the placenta adapted for diffusion ?

Answer 17

• It has a large surface area

- small villi increase the SA

Question 18

What does the umbilical artery carry ?

Answer 18

CO2 and other wastes back to the mother

Question 19

What does the umbilical vein carry ?

Answer 19

oxygen, glucose , amino acids and other nutrients to the foetus

Question 20

What is the purpose of the amnion and the amniotic fluid ?

Answer 20

To cushion and protect the foetus

Question 21

What is the male sex hormone and where is it produced ?

Answer 21

Testosterone and in the testes

Question 22

What is the female sex hormone and where is it produced ?

Answer 22

oestrogen and in the ovaries

Question 23

Name 3 secondary sexual characteristics in men :

Answer 23

• sexual organs enlarge
• body becomes more muscular
• voice deepens

Question 24

Name 3 secondary sexual characteristics in women :

Answer 24

• hips widen
• menstruation begins
• breasts develop

Question 25

When and what happens during menstruation ?

Answer 25

Days 1-5, blood flows out the vagina as the wall of the uterus breaks up

Question 26

When and what happens during ovulation ?

Answer 26

Days 13-15, an egg is released from the ovary (This is the time when fertilisation is most likely to occur)

Question 27

How does oestrogen affect the menstrual cycle ?

Answer 27

- Day 1 its low | - Day 13-15 its high, this causes ovulation

Question 28

How does progesterone affect the menstrual cycle ?

Answer 28

- low during menstruation - peaks the days after ovulation it's role is to build up a thick uterine lining

Question 29

Name three causes of infertility

Answer 29

- failure of ovaries to produce eggs - complications due to STI's - impotence in males

Question 30

Explain IVF

Answer 30

- women are given hormones to produce multiple eggs - the eggs are collected and added to sperm - after fertilisation they are placed back into the mothers uterus

Question 31

Why are several embryos placed into the uterus during IVF ?

Answer 31

To ensure a balance between ensuring a successful pregnancy and avoiding multiple births

Question 32

Name two types of mechanical contraception

Answer 32

- Male and female condom theyre unrelibale if used incorrectly

Question 33

Name two types of chemical contraception

Answer 33

- contraceptive pill (very reliable) | - implants (works for up to 3 years)

Question 34

Name two types of surgical contraception

Answer 34

- vasectomy - female sterilisation both virtually 100% relibable