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Chemistry > Chapter 11 TEST > Flashcards

Chapter 11 TEST Flashcards

1
Q

Dipole-Dipole force, hydrogen bonds, dispersion forces are examples of what?

A

Intermolecular forces

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2
Q

When bonded with hydrogen, which highly electric electronegative elements cause the shared electrons to shift away from the hydrogen atom, because of their greater electronegativity?

A

Fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen

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3
Q

Which intermolecular force is the strongest and why?

A

Hydrogen bonds, their proximity and polarity

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4
Q

A substance is typically about (10% or 60%) denser as a solid than as a liquid.

A

10%

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5
Q

A substance is typically about 10% denser as a solid than as a liquid. Which is an exception?

A

Water

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6
Q

Solids have no distinct shape or underlying pattern. When they split or shatter, irregular fragments result are called what?

A

Amorphous solids

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7
Q

Ionic and metallic solids are usually

A

crystalline

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8
Q

Rubber, asphalt, paraffin, amorphous sulfur, and some plastics are called what?

A

Amorphous solids

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9
Q

The temperature at which a substance changes between the solid and liquid states is called what?

A

Melting point

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10
Q

What is the transition from a solid to a liquid?

A

Melting

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11
Q

Crystalline substances have what kind of melting points?

A

Distinct

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12
Q

What is the direct change in state from the solid to the gaseous state?

A

Sublimation

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13
Q

Cubic, tetragonal, rhombohedral, triclinic, monoclinic, hexagonal, orthorhombic are what?

A

The seven basic crystal shapes

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14
Q

Adding particles to the faces of the interior of the seven basic crystals do what?

A

Modify the crystal

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15
Q

What type of crystal not only has particles at each of the corners, but it also has one in the center of the crystal?

A

Body-centered crystal

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16
Q

Elements or compounds that can form more than one type of crystal lattice are called what?

A

Polymorphous

17
Q

Pure elements that are polymorphous are called allotropic elements. The different forms of allotropic elements are called what?

A

Allotropes

18
Q

What is it called when in a crystal, energy is released when gaseous particles from crystals?

A

Lattice energy

19
Q

The magnitude of the electrical charges in a crystal effect its what?

A

Stability

20
Q

Why does particle size affect binding forces?

A

Smaller particles can be tightly bound and larger particles can’t be

21
Q

What of a crystal also affect binding forces?

A

Geometric structure

22
Q

The strength of a crystal can be affected by what three things?

A

Size of particles, geometric structure, and charge of particles

23
Q

What is a substance that is added to a liquid that acts to reduce the surface tension of that liquid by interfering with hydrogen with hydrogen bonds called?

A

Surfactants

24
Q

A liquid’s ability to resist flow is called what?

A

Viscosity

25
Q

A concave surface is called what?

A

Meniscus

26
Q

What is it called when water rises up a narrow tube easily?

A

Capillary action/rise

27
Q

Formation of a liquid from its gaseous state and reverse vaporization is called what?

A

Condensation

28
Q

Evaporation is a what process?

A

Cooling

29
Q

Vaporization in a non-boiling liquid is called what?

A

Evaporation

30
Q

What type of attractions allow quick evaporations?

A

Weak

31
Q

Pressure exerted by evaporated molecules is called what?

A

Vapor pressure

32
Q

Two processes of condensation and evaporation balance each other so that no net effect can be observed is called what?

A

Dynamic equilibrium

33
Q

Temperature at which the vapor pressure equals the applied pressure is called what?

A

Boiling pressure

34
Q

What is vaporization and condensation to separate mixtures called?

A

Distillation

35
Q

What can condense and even solidify any gas?

A

Low temperatures and high pressures

36
Q

What is the highest temperature at which a gas can be liquified?

A

Critical temperatures

37
Q

Three types of vaporization are?

A

Condensation, evaporation, and boiling

Chemistry (13 decks)

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