Chapter 11 TEST

Question 1

Dipole-Dipole force, hydrogen bonds, dispersion forces are examples of what?

Answer 1

Intermolecular forces

Question 2

When bonded with hydrogen, which highly electric electronegative elements cause the shared electrons to shift away from the hydrogen atom, because of their greater electronegativity?

Answer 2

Fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen

Question 3

Which intermolecular force is the strongest and why?

Answer 3

Hydrogen bonds, their proximity and polarity

Question 4

A substance is typically about (10% or 60%) denser as a solid than as a liquid.

Answer 4

10%

Question 5

A substance is typically about 10% denser as a solid than as a liquid. Which is an exception?

Answer 5

Water

Question 6

Solids have no distinct shape or underlying pattern. When they split or shatter, irregular fragments result are called what?

Answer 6

Amorphous solids

Question 7

Ionic and metallic solids are usually

Answer 7

crystalline

Question 8

Rubber, asphalt, paraffin, amorphous sulfur, and some plastics are called what?

Answer 8

Amorphous solids

Question 9

The temperature at which a substance changes between the solid and liquid states is called what?

Answer 9

Melting point

Question 10

What is the transition from a solid to a liquid?

Answer 10

Melting

Question 11

Crystalline substances have what kind of melting points?

Answer 11

Distinct

Question 12

What is the direct change in state from the solid to the gaseous state?

Answer 12

Sublimation

Question 13

Cubic, tetragonal, rhombohedral, triclinic, monoclinic, hexagonal, orthorhombic are what?

Answer 13

The seven basic crystal shapes

Question 14

Adding particles to the faces of the interior of the seven basic crystals do what?

Answer 14

Modify the crystal

Question 15

What type of crystal not only has particles at each of the corners, but it also has one in the center of the crystal?

Answer 15

Body-centered crystal

Question 16

Elements or compounds that can form more than one type of crystal lattice are called what?

Answer 16

Polymorphous

Question 17

Pure elements that are polymorphous are called allotropic elements. The different forms of allotropic elements are called what?

Answer 17

Allotropes

Question 18

What is it called when in a crystal, energy is released when gaseous particles from crystals?

Answer 18

Lattice energy

Question 19

The magnitude of the electrical charges in a crystal effect its what?

Answer 19

Stability

Question 20

Why does particle size affect binding forces?

Answer 20

Smaller particles can be tightly bound and larger particles can’t be

Question 21

What of a crystal also affect binding forces?

Answer 21

Geometric structure

Question 22

The strength of a crystal can be affected by what three things?

Answer 22

Size of particles, geometric structure, and charge of particles

Question 23

What is a substance that is added to a liquid that acts to reduce the surface tension of that liquid by interfering with hydrogen with hydrogen bonds called?

Answer 23

Surfactants

Question 24

A liquid’s ability to resist flow is called what?

Answer 24

Viscosity

Question 25

A concave surface is called what?

Answer 25

Meniscus

Question 26

What is it called when water rises up a narrow tube easily?

Answer 26

Capillary action/rise

Question 27

Formation of a liquid from its gaseous state and reverse vaporization is called what?

Answer 27

Condensation

Question 28

Evaporation is a what process?

Answer 28

Cooling

Question 29

Vaporization in a non-boiling liquid is called what?

Answer 29

Evaporation

Question 30

What type of attractions allow quick evaporations?

Answer 30

Weak

Question 31

Pressure exerted by evaporated molecules is called what?

Answer 31

Vapor pressure

Question 32

Two processes of condensation and evaporation balance each other so that no net effect can be observed is called what?

Answer 32

Dynamic equilibrium

Question 33

Temperature at which the vapor pressure equals the applied pressure is called what?

Answer 33

Boiling pressure

Question 34

What is vaporization and condensation to separate mixtures called?

Answer 34

Distillation

Question 35

What can condense and even solidify any gas?

Answer 35

Low temperatures and high pressures

Question 36

What is the highest temperature at which a gas can be liquified?

Answer 36

Critical temperatures

Question 37

Three types of vaporization are?

Answer 37

Condensation, evaporation, and boiling