Chapter 14 TEST

Question 1

What basic question does thermodynamics answer?

Answer 1

‘does it react?’

Question 2

What basic question does kinetics answer?

Answer 2

‘will it react?’ or ‘how fast will it react?’

Question 3

What is the study of rates of reaction and the steps by which they occur?

Answer 3

Kinetic

Question 4

Thermodynamics relates only to what parts of a reaction?

Answer 4

The starting and ending points

Question 5

Kinetics is WHAT dependant?

Answer 5

Path

Question 6

Kinetics seeks to determine what happens at what point during the start and endpoint of a reaction?

Answer 6

Between

Question 7

Why reactions occur at faster or slower rates, depending on reaction conditions is what theory?

Answer 7

Collision theory

Question 8

The rate at which a chemical reaction proceeds is directly related to what?

Answer 8

The frequency of effective collisions

Question 9

The minimum amount of kinetic energy that must be passed by the colliding molecules before they can react is called what?

Answer 9

The activation energy

Question 10

The WHAT the activation energy is, the faster the reaction will occur.

Answer 10

Lower

Question 11

Breaking bonds in molecules requires what?

Answer 11

Energy

Question 12

What tells how fast reactants change into products. They can describe how fast the reactants disappear or how fast the products appear.

Answer 12

Reaction rates

Question 13

Is the effect of concentration on the reaction rate the same for every reaction?

Answer 13

No

Question 14

Is the effect of concentration on the reaction rate the same for every reaction?

Answer 14

No

Question 15

Higher temperatures increase reaction rates in what two ways?

Answer 15

By increasing both the number and the force of collisions between reactants

Question 16

A substance that changes a reaction rate without being permanently changed or consumed by the reactant is what?

Answer 16

Catalyst

Question 17

Thermodynamics is WHAT independant?

Answer 17

Path

Question 18

A substance used to reduce a catalyst’s undesirable effects?

Answer 18

Inhibitor

Question 19

What are distinct class of catalysts comprises the naturally occurring biological substances?

Answer 19

Enzymes

Question 20

What is in the same phase as the reactants or in solution with a reactant?

Answer 20

Homogeneous catalyst

Question 21

Colliding reactants can form a theoretical, transitional structure between reactants and products is called what?

Answer 21

Activated Complex

Question 22

What is a series of steps that make up a reaction?

Answer 22

Reaction Mechanism

Question 23

What is a possible reaction mechanism made of two or more possible steps?

Answer 23

Elementary Steps

Question 24

What is the slowest elementary step in the reaction- one that limits how fast the reaction will occur?

Answer 24

Rate-determining Steps

Question 25

Individual elementary steps make up what?

Answer 25

Complex reaction

Question 26

During a complex reaction, there are substances that are formed in one step and consumed in the next step are called what?

Answer 26

Intermediates

Question 27

WHat is the reactants are in two different phases—a solid and a liquid, for example— the reaction rate is dependent on the area of contact between the substances?

Answer 27

Homogeneous reactions

Question 28

What for a particular reactant, indicates how the rate of a reaction is affected by that specific reactant’s concentration?

Answer 28

Reaction Order

Question 29

Rate laws are always based on what?

Answer 29

Rate-determining step

Question 30

What is the study of how the human body processes medication?

Answer 30

Pharmacokinetics

Question 31

How the body spreads out a drug (which varies) is called what?

Answer 31

Distribution process

Question 32

What organ of the body is chiefly responsible for metabolizing drugs?

Answer 32

Liver

Question 33

What organs are used to eliminate a drug from the body?

Answer 33

Kidneys

Question 34

List the four processes a drug goes through in the body in order.

Answer 34

1. Absorption 2. Distribution 3. Metabolism 4. Excretion

Question 35

What are the intermediates in the metabolism process called?

Answer 35

Metabolites

Question 36

The only substances shown in a balanced chemical equations are what?

Answer 36

Products and reactants

Question 37

Does a catalyst affect concentration of products?

Answer 37

No

Question 38

What are five most important factors affecting reaction rates

Answer 38

``` Nature of Reactants Concentration Temperature Surface Area Presence of catalyst ```