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World History > chapter 11 - the dark ages > Flashcards

chapter 11 - the dark ages Flashcards

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1
Q

“catholic” original meaning

A

universal church

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2
Q

Irenaeus

A

declared that every church must agree with the roman church

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3
Q

Capital of the developing catholic church

A

Rome

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4
Q

where is the actual authority found beyond the time of the apostles?

A

scripture

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5
Q

sacraments

A

means of grace

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6
Q

what did the council of toulouse forbid?

A

possessing a copy of the Bible

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7
Q

who were the franks and where did they settle?

A

the franks were a germanic tribe that settled in Gaul

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8
Q

how did charles martel gain his nickname?

A

stopped the muslims from invading the rest of europe past spain

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9
Q

papal states

A

the land that peppin the short gifted to the pope

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10
Q

excommunication

A

the power popes gave themselves that helped them to control political leaders

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11
Q

what is the meaning of charlemagne?

A

charles the great

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12
Q

why was the treaty of verdin important?

A

it solved the dispute between charlemagne’s grandsons over the boundaries in europe which basically remain today

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13
Q

Frederick I

A

the first king to use the name Holy Roman Empire for his lands

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14
Q

what religion were the moors who invaded spain?

A

muslims

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15
Q

why is the term “dark ages” frowned upon today?

A

some feel it places a moral judgement on the time period

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16
Q

bishops (deacons)

A

said in scripture to be overseers for the local church, there were originally many for most churches but eventually there was just one, became like a governor for the people

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17
Q

apostolic succession was the idea that:

A
  • Christ had appointed apostles as successors
  • apostles appointed bishops as their successors
  • the authority of the apostles was passed to the bishops
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18
Q

the authority of the apostles

A

the truth they wrote in the new testament

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19
Q

the petrine theory states that:

A
  • christ founded the church upon peter + made him visible head of the church
  • peter appointed the bishop of rome as his successor with his same authority
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20
Q

pope leo I

A

helped emperor valentinian pursuade attila the hun and the vandals not to attack rome in 452 and 455

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21
Q

pope Gelasius I

A

enunciated the doctrine of the two swords which said that he pope had authority over all human rulers in matters relating to God

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22
Q

pope Gregory I

A

became one of the many Popes after the fall of the western roman empire to fill the power vacuum left in Rome.

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23
Q

the church under pope Gregory I

A
  • seemed to inherit the authority of the former roman empire
  • territories were divided into dioceses and parishes
  • pope took the title of pontifex maximus
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24
Q

pope Boniface VIII

A

proclaimed that for every creature to be subject to the roman pope is all together necessary for salvation

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25
salvation was thought to be dependent on:
sacraments: (baptism, communion)
26
transubstantiation
the belief that wine+ bread actually turned into the blood/body of christ
27
confession
had to go to the priest to confess your sins
28
relics
said that possessing parts of the cross, or a thorn from Jesus’ crown would bring favor with God
29
penance
paying a penalty for your sin
30
picture of christ
became one of wrath. in order to soften his wrath one would pray to his mother (virgin mary)
31
treasury of merits
it was said that a good person could deposit their excess merits and they could be distributed to sinners by the church for a fee
32
the latin vulgate
the only available translation of scripture in the middle ages, most people could not read latin
33
translation of the bible
- 12th century , bible was translated to the language of the people - 14th century, John wycliffe translates it to english
34
john wycliffe
translated the bible to english, fiercely opposed the official church, was eventually burned at the stake
35
monasticism
gave stability to society in the absence of the roman empire
36
monks/ nuns
monks went to monasteries, nuns went to clusters, both took vows of separation
37
hermits
fled basic society for the monastery but took no vows
38
celibacy
vow not to get married
39
monastery
monks congregated here
40
convents
congregation for nuns
41
orders
different sects of monasteries
42
st. benedict
(monk from italy) most european monks followed his rule
43
two main orders of friars
- franciscans | - dominicans
44
clovis
a successful military leader and political figure who became a frankish tribal king and united the independent kingdoms of Gaul into a new roman empire.
45
Merovingians
named after Merovee , Clovis’ grandfather and father. ruled until 751
46
mayor of the palace
chief royal official to whom the ruling of the empire was left
47
charles martel
the most significant mayor of the palace, nicknamed “charles the hammer” because he stopped the muslims from invading europe,
48
peppin the short
charles martel’s son, said that since he was doing the job of the kind he might as well be the king, thus beginning the carolingian line of kings named after his father charles
49
the popes ulterior motives in backing peppin
the papacy needed protection against the lombards
50
the lombards
germanic people who occupied northern italy, defeated by the franks who gave their land to the pope
51
charlemagne
peppin son, considers the father of europe, greatest king of the dark ages, defended papal states from lombards, fought to keep the muslims at bay, conquered the pagan saxons, fought the Avars and asiatic tribes in danube valley
52
christmas day 800
pope leo III crowned charlemagne charles augustus, emporer of the romans
53
charlemagne’s accomplishments
1. efficient government-established accountability against corruption 2. prioritizing education-required monasteries to have schools 3. promotes the education of clergy and preserved manuscripts of the Bible and others 4. new style of writing - carolingian minuscule (basis for roman typeface)
54
Louis the Pias
charlemagne’s son
55
the holy roman empire
a period where rulers in germany allied themselves with popes attempting to gain back the glory, power and wealth of the roman empire
56
duchies
what the lands of germany we’re divided into when the carolingians collapsed
57
Henry the fowler
duke of saxony elected in 919 to become king, beginning the saxon line of kings.
58
Otto the great
son of Henry the fowler, invaded lombardy and controlled northern italy while protecting central italy for the church, crowned by the pope in 962 as emperor of the romans
59
height of papal power
(1054-1305) for 250 years, church was the single most powerful institution in western europe
60
investiture controversy
pope Gregory VII exerted pwr over Henry IV by saying only church could appoint church officials, henry said Greg wasn’t pope, greg excommunicated henry, henry begged for forgiveness outside of the castle of canoes for 3 days
61
Pope Innocent
declared an interdict against king John of England, sponsored the fourth crusade, doctrine of transubstantion was formed, instituted the office of the inquisition
62
nationalism
brought back the idea that the king is the emporer of his own domain
63
the babylonian captivity
king philip had the pope arrested in a power struggle, had frances arch bishop appointed as pope, this gave rise to the great schism
64
the great schism
ended up with a third pope
65
the magyars
invaded from asia and ended up in hungary
66
The moors
invaded the holy roman empire from north africa and took much of spain, blocked the trade routes and destroyed europe’s commercial ties with other parts of the world
67
the vikings
germanic barbarians who came south and terrorized ireland, scotland, england, and parts of central europe
68
longboats
vikings boats
69
normandy
some vikings settled here, a portion of french lands

World History (2 decks)

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