Chapter 11: The Muscular System

Question 1

Muscles produce movement by exerting force on ____

which in turn pull on bones and other supporting structures like the skin.

Answer 1

tendons

Question 2

The attachment of a muscle’s tendon to the stationary, usually proximal bone, is called the?

Answer 2

origin

Question 3

The origin of the Biceps is the ____ and the insertion is the ____?

Answer 3

Origin:Scapula
Insertion: Radius

Question 4

The action of the Biceps is to?

Answer 4

pronate and flex the arm

Question 5

The origin of the Triceps is the ____ and the insertion is the ____?

Answer 5

Origin:Scapula near shoulder joint Upper lateral and posterior sites of humerus
Posterior surface of humerus
Insertion: Back of olecranon process of ulna

Question 6

The action of the Triceps is to?

Answer 6

Action: Straighten (extend) the arm

Question 7

Muscles, tendons, bones, and joints can form what three different types of levers in the body?

Answer 7

First-class levers, Second class levers, and Third class levers.

Question 8

In a lever, the point of movement called the ____, is acted on by two different forces: Effort and load.

Answer 8

fulcrum

Question 9

There are few first-class levers 
in the body. This pic shows a example

Answer 9

first-class levers

Question 10

What levers always provide a distinct mechanical advantage in producing force?
Like a pry bar

Answer 10

Second class levers

Question 11

What levers are the most common and favor speed and range of motion over maximum force?

Answer 11

Third-class levers

Question 12

Most skeletal muscles are arranged in opposing ____ pairs at joints.

Answer 12

antagonistic

Question 13

Within opposing pairs, the prime mover or ____ is the muscle primarily responsible for causing the desired movement.

Answer 13

agonist (“the leader”)

Question 14

The ____ stretches and yields to the effects of the prime mover.

Answer 14

antagonist

Question 15

In flexing the forearm at
the elbow, the ____
is the prime mover or
agonists, and the ____ ____ is the antagonist.

Answer 15

brachialis, triceps

brachii

Question 16

What are muscles used to prevent unwanted movements at intermediate joints, or otherwise aid the movement of the prime mover?

Answer 16

Synergists

Question 17

What muscles are a type of synergist muscle that are used to steady the proximal joints of a prime mover?

Answer 17

Fixator

Question 18

Some of the more common muscles of the head and neck include:

Answer 18

Orbicularis oris
Extraocular muscles
Sternocleidomastoid
Rectus abdominus
External oblique

Question 19

The muscles of facial expression move ____ rather than bones around a joint.

Answer 19

skin

Question 20

Action: Closes and 
protrudes lips for kissing
Origin: Surrounding the
opening of the mouth
Insertion: The skin at the 
corner of the mouth.
What Muscle is this?

Answer 20

Orbicularis oris

Question 21

Origin: Maxilla and zygomatic arch
Insertion: Mandible
Action: Closes the mouth
What muscle is this

Answer 21

Masseter

Question 22

3 pair give each eye very 
precise movement
Origin: Back of the orbit
Insertion: Different parts
of the eyeball
Action: Precise and rapid 
movement of the eyes
What muscle is this?

Answer 22

The Extraocular muscles

Question 23

Some of the more common muscles that originate on the trunk include the ones shown

Answer 23

Some of the more common muscles that originate on the trunk

Question 24

Origin: Clavicle and sternum
Insertion: Proximal humerus
Action: Adducts and medially rotates thearm at the shoulder joint
What muscle is this?

Answer 24

Pectoralis major

Question 25

Origin: Ribs 3–5 Insertion: Coracoid process of the scapula Action: Internally rotates the shoulder What muscle is this?

Answer 25

Pectoralis minor

Question 26

``` Origin: Lateral clavicle and upper scapula Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity on the shaft of the humerus Action: Abducts, flexes, and medially rotates the upper arm at the shoulder joint What muscle is this? ```

Answer 26

Deltoid Muscle

Question 27

``` Origin: Occipital bone and cervical spine Insertion: Clavicle, scapula and lower thoracic vertebrae Action: Supports the arm and moves the scapula up, down, in, and out What muscle is this? ```

Answer 27

Trapezius

Question 28

What is the Origin, Insertion and Action of the Sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 28

``` Origin: Clavicle and sternum Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone Action: Flex and rotate the head ```

Question 29

``` Origin: Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae and the iliac bone Insertion: Mid-humerus Action: Drives arm inferiorly and posteriorly (the swimmer’s muscle)  ```

Answer 29

Latissimus dorsi

Question 30

Anterior abdominal wall: Origin: Pubic bone Insertion: Ribs and sternum

Answer 30

Rectus abdominis

Question 31

``` Anterior abdominal wall: Origin: Ribs 5–12 Insertion: Iliac crest and linea alba Actions: Flexes vertebral column and compresses abdomen ```

Answer 31

External oblique

Question 32

``` The main muscle of inspiration is the? Origin: Inferior 6 ribs (anteriorly) and lumbar vertebrae (posteriorly) Insertion: Centraltendon ```

Answer 32

diaphragm

Question 33

What is the Origin, insertion, and action of the Biceps brachii?

Answer 33

``` Origin: Scapula Insertion: Radius Action: Flexes and supinates forearm at elbow joint and flexes arm at shoulder joint ```

Question 34

What is the origin, insertion and action of the Brachialis?

Answer 34

Origin: Distal anterior surface of humerus Insertion: Ulna Action: Flexor of forearm at elbow

Question 35

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Triceps brachii?

Answer 35

``` Origin: Scapula and posterior surface of humerus Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna Action: Extends forearm at elbow joint and arm at shoulder joint ```

Question 36

What is the origin, Insertion, and Action of the Brachioradialis?

Answer 36

Origin: Humerus Insertion: Distal radius Action: Supinates the forearm at the radioulnar joint

Question 37

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Gluteus maximus?

Answer 37

Origin: Iliac crest, sacrum, and coccyx Insertion: Femur Action: Extends and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint

Question 38

What is the origin, Insertion, and action of the Quadricep group (Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis)?

Answer 38

Origin: Iliac spine and proximal femur Insertion: Patella and proximal tibia Action: Flexes thigh at high joint and extends leg at knee joint

Question 39

Muscles that move the femur, tibia, and fibula | Hamstring group

Answer 39

Muscles that move the femur, tibia, and fibula | Hamstring group

Question 40

What is the origin, and insertion of the Hamstring group: (Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus, and Semimembranosus)?

Answer 40

Origin: Ischial tuberosity Insertion: Proximal tibia and fibula

Question 41

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Tibialis anterior?

Answer 41

``` Origin: Tibia Insertion: First cuneiform and first metatarsal Action: Dorsiflexes and inverts the foot ```

Question 42

The Muscles that plantar flex the foot at the ankle joint are called?

Answer 42

Gastrocnemius and soleus muscles function as one – often called the gastrocsoleus muscle

Question 43

What is the origin and insertion of the Gastrocnemius and soleus muscles?

Answer 43

Origin: Femur, capsule of knee, and head of fibula Insertion: Calcaneus by way of calcaneal (Achilles) tendon