Chapter 11: Vertebral Column (specific)

Question 1

Cervical vertebrae C3-C6 have all the properties. The bodies are concave from side to side and the lateral margins project upwards to articulate with the infero-lateral margins of the body above.

Answer 1

Typical Cervical Vertebra

Question 2

The transverse processes have ____________ which serve as muscle attachments and ____________ which transmit the vertebral arteries, veins and sympathetic nerve plexus.

Answer 2

posterior tubercles

transverse foramen

Question 3

The cervical vertebra C1 (atlas) has no body. It consists of two lateral masses united by an anterior and posterior arch.

Answer 3

Atypical Cervical Vertebra

Question 4

The spinous process is replaced by a __________ . The superior and inferior facets lie on the lateral masses and the superior facets are large to articulate with the ____________ .

Answer 4

posterior tubercle

occipital condyles

Question 5

The cervical vertebrae _______ has a dens or which is held against the anterior arch of C1 by the transverse ligament. The lamina are thick for muscle attachment and carry a massive spinous process.

Answer 5

C2 (axis)

Question 6

_____________ - spinous process is long and non bifid. The transverse foramen is not always present and if it is present, will only transmit veins.

Answer 6

cervical vertebra C7

Question 7

________ - has one costal facet for head of the 1st rib and a demifacet for the 2nd rib.

Answer 7

T1

Question 8

The middle four thoracic vertebrae ____ are considered typical.

Answer 8

(T5 - T8)

Question 9

What is the articulation of the all the twelve thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 9

Ribs

Question 10

__________ - is grooved on the anterolateral surface of its tip for articulation with the tubercle of the corresponding rib.

Answer 10

transverse process

Question 11

The inferior four _______ are atypical; they may have features of lumbar vertebrae and possess mamillary, accessory and lateral tubercles.

Answer 11

(T9 - T12)

Question 12

_____ has only one costal facet part on its body and part on its pedicle. ____ and ____have one costal facet located on their pedicles.

Answer 12

T10

T11

T12

Question 13

___________ - are more massive than the thoracic vertebrae to support and distribute greater weight. The articular facets of these vertebrae are curved so that they interlock the vertebra, which effectively prevents rotation of the lumbar spine.

Answer 13

Lumbar vertebrae

Question 14

True or False:

L1 vertebral body is oval shaped, whereas L5 vertebral body is triangular shaped.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What vertebrae is the largest of all the moveable vertebrae?

Answer 15

L5

Question 16

_____________ of the lumbar spine facilitate flexion, extension and lateral flexion of the vertebral column. These processes are located on the dorsal surface of the transverse processes.

Answer 16

accessory processes

Question 17

__________ - located on the posterior surface of the superior articulating processes.

Answer 17

mamillary processes

Question 18

________ - consists of 4 to 5 fused vertebrae (fused in adult) and is triangular in shape. The inferior half is non-weight bearing. It provides strength and stability to the pelvis and transmits weight to the pelvic girdle.

Answer 18

sacrum

Question 19

__________ - is a continuation of the vertebral canal and contains nerve roots of the cauda equina. On the dorsal surface of the sacrum are typically four pairs of sacral foramen for the purpose of an exit route for the spinal nerves.

Answer 19

sacral canal

Question 20

Part of the sacrum that is formed by the superior surface of S1 vertebra.

Answer 20

base

Question 21

____________ - is the tapering at the end of the sacrum and articulates with the coccyx.

Answer 21

apex of the sacrum

Question 22

The ________ of the sacrum is concave and contains four transverse lines that indicates fusion of the sacral vertebrae.

Answer 22

pelvic surface

Question 23

The __________ of the sacrum is rough and convex and marked by five prominent longitudinal ridges.

Answer 23

dorsal surface

Question 24

_________ - is the fusion of the superior 3 or 4 spinous processes of the sacrum.

Answer 24

median crest

Question 25

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - is the fusion of the transverse processes of the sacral vertebrae.

Answer 25

lateral crest

Question 26

The lateral sides of the sacrum are called:

Answer 26

auricular surface

Question 27

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - is the site of the synovial part of the sacroiliac joint located between the sacrum and ilium.

Answer 27

auricular surface

Question 28

True or False: The male sacrum is narrower but larger than the female which is shorter and wider.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - is a small triangular bone formed by 3-5 vertebrae. It is the remnant of an embryonic tail that usually is gone by the 8th week of gestation.

Answer 29

coccyx

Question 30

Coccyx is also known as:

Answer 30

tailbone

Question 31

The _________ of the coccyx can be palpated 2-5 cm posterior to the anus.

Answer 31

inferior tip

Question 32

The __________ vertebrae may not fuse with the other coccyx vertebrae and it has 2 transverse processes.

Answer 32

first coccygeal

Question 33

The three inferior vertebrae of coccyx fuse during \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ .

Answer 33

mid-life

Question 34

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - pain in the coccygeal region that is usually felt when sitting.

Answer 34

coccydynia