Chapter 12 Flashcards
(45 cards)
Myotome
A region of the skeletal mm innervated by motor fibers of a specific spinal nerve
Dermatomes
Are an area of the skin that is innervated by a single spinal nerve.
(External Cord Anatomy)
What are the two types of connective tissues coverings protect the cord?
Vertebral: provides the backbone
Spinal meninges: surrounding the cord as a continuation of the cranial meninges that encircle the brain.
What are the subdivisions of the PNS?
somatic neurons
autonomic nervous system
enteric nervous system
what is Neurology?
deals with normal function and disorders of nervous system
what role do neuroglia (glial cells) play?
a role in support and nutrition of the brain, they maintain the internal environment so that neurons can do their jobs
is somatic sensory afferent or efferent neurons?
afferent they convey information toward the CNS
is somatic motor efferent or afferent neurons?
motor neurons are efferent because they conduct impulses away from the CNS toward the muscles
what do interneurons do?
they conduct impulses between afferent and efferent neurons with in the CNS
what are ganglia?
they are small masses of neuronal cell bodies located outside the brain and spinal cord.
neuroglia have been called ….
the glue that supports and maintains the neuronal networks.
what is considered the real functional unit of the nervous system
Neurons
what are the names of the four neuroglia in the CNS?
astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells
what are the 2 types neuroglia in the PNS?
Satellite cells- support neurons in PNS
Schwann Cells- produce myelin in PNS
what is myelination
is the process of forming a myelin sheath which insulates and increases nerve impulse speed
what is a ligand-gated channel?
they respond to a neurotransmitter and are mainly concentrated at the synapse.
what is a voltage-gated channel?
channels that respond to changes in the transmembrane electrical potential and are mainly located along the neuronal axon
what is a mechanically-gated channel?
they respond to mechanical deformation by applying pressure to a receptor
the term leakage channels are what?
channels that also gated but they are not active and they open and close randomly.
Astrocytes do this?
Keep the fluid milieu surrounding the neurons as action potential friendly
Oligodendrocytes do this?
Provide neurons with myelinated sheaths and establish an assistance network for neurons
Microglia cells do this?
Are the guardian cells that protect the nervous system from microbial invaders
This lobe is associated with reasoning, planning parts of speech movement, emotions and problem-solving
Frontal lobe
This lobe is associated with movement orientation recognition perception of stimuli
Parietal lobe
