chapter 12

Question 1

What are the 5 major constraints? and like what are they. what kinda force

Answer 1

Compression - crushing force
Tension - pulling force
Deflection - bending force
Torsion - twisting force
Shearing - cutting or tearing force

Question 2

Types of deformations? what do they do (3)

Answer 2

Elastic - Go back to their original shape when the constraint is removed
Plastic - Permanent change of shape, even when the constraint is removed
Fracture - The constraint is so intense, the material breaks

Question 3

PROPERTY - WHAT IS IT??
Hardness

Answer 3

Ability to resist indentation or abstraction

Question 4

PROPERTY - WHAT IS IT??
Elasticity

Answer 4

ability to return to their original shapes after undergoing a constraint

Question 5

PROPERTY - WHAT IS IT??
Resilience

Answer 5

Ability to resist shocks w/o breaking

Question 6

PROPERTY - WHAT IS IT??
stiffness

Answer 6

ability to retain their shapes when subjected to various constraints

Question 7

PROPERTY - WHAT IS IT??
fragility

Answer 7

inability to resist deformation impact

Question 8

PROPERTY - WHAT IS IT??
ductility

Answer 8

ability to be stretched w/o breaking (metals)

Question 9

PROPERTY - WHAT IS IT??
malleability

Answer 9

ability to be flattened or bent (metals)

Question 10

as for the “other properties”, what are they? (5)
ex. resistance to corrosion

Answer 10

resistance to corrosion
electrical conductivity
thermal conductivity
chemical neutrality
Resistance to degradation

Question 11

Categories of materials (5)

Answer 11

Wood and modified wood
Ceramics
Metals and Allots
Plastics
Composites

Question 12

Hard wood or soft wood?

Deciduous wood that grows slowly. species like maple and oak

Answer 12

hard wood

Question 13

Hard wood or soft wood?

Coniferous trees.
Fast growth, species like pine and spruce

Answer 13

Softwood

Question 14

What is modified wood?
What are some examples of modified wood?

Answer 14

Wood chips or particles with glue or plastic
Examples such as plywood, particleboard, fiberboard

Question 15

What can cause wood degridation?
How to stop this?

Answer 15

Can degrade due to organic origin, so can rapidly be degraded by fungi, microorganisms and insects.
stop this by protecting by staining the wood, or pressure treatments

Question 16

What kinds of properties does wood have

Answer 16

Hardness, elasticity, resistance to fracture, lightness
low thermal conductivity (insulates)

Question 17

What are ceramics?
examples of ceramics?

Answer 17

Solid inorganic material made by heating clay, sand etc
ex brick, tiles, glass, concret

Question 18

What can degrade ceramics?
how to stop this?

Answer 18

Acid rain and pollution dissolve em slowly
generally we do not protect them sooooo

Question 19

What are Metals and Alloys?
Properties of them?

Answer 19

Extracted from mineral ore. Alloys are MIXTURES of METALS designed to take advantage of different properties.
Properties such as good conductors of heat and electricity

Question 20

How do metals degrade?
How to stop this?

Answer 20

Prone to oxidation ahhh
Stop by protecting will oil, paint and enamel. metallic coatings of zinc or chrome. heat treatments like tempering can also be used to enhance properties

Question 21

What are plastics?
properties?

Answer 21

materials made from long chains of polymers (oil based) which can be combined with other materials to gain the desired properties.

Question 22

Describe:
thermoplastic
thermosetting plastic

Answer 22

thermoplastic: can be reheated, making it soft and easily reshaped
thermosetting plastic: once heated and set, cannot be reset

Question 23

how does plastic degrade?

Answer 23

uv light and slow oxidation

Question 24

describe composites, give examples
what is a matrice?
what is a reinforcement?

Answer 24

comp: combinations made from multiple materials designed to enhance the properties of each (fibreglass, carbon steel)

mat: the main component of the combination: concrete in a basement wall
reinfo: the component that adds an enhancement: like rebar to strengthen the concrete

Question 25

how do composites decompose?

Answer 25

deformation or one or more components or loss of adherence between components

Question 26

Explain an Isometric Projectioj

Answer 26

The classic 3D style; 3D drawing of a technical object on a 2D surface

Question 27

Explain a multiview projection

Answer 27

an unfolded model of an object so you can see all sides at once, top front and side are given

Question 28

Explain a general arrangement drawing

Answer 28

used to represent the overall appearance of an object, involves three 2D images and one isometric projection

Question 29

Explain exploded view

Answer 29

shows all sides of a technical object separate from eachother; mostly used for assembling objects

Question 30

Explain detail drawings

Answer 30

used to specify all relevant info for manufacturing the part (measurements)

Question 31

Explain dimensional tolerance

Answer 31

an indicator of the maximum acceptable difference between a specified measurement and the actual measurement on the finished object

Question 32

What is manufacturing?

Answer 32

a series of operations resulting in the creation of a technical object

Question 33

what is a tool

Answer 33

an instrument used in the manufacture of an object

Question 34

what is a machine tool

Answer 34

a tool that is held and operated by non-human forces

Question 35

Name the 4 machining techniques and what they do

Answer 35

Cutting: act of giving a material a desired shape drilling: act of making a hole in a material Tapping: technique in which screw threads are formed inside holes drilled into a material Threading: Technique in which screw threads are formed around a rod