Hydro-Atmo (sphere)

Question 1

What is the hydrosphere?

Answer 1

The Earth’s layer of water in all states
-solid
-liquid
-gas

Question 2

How much of the earths water is considered Fresh Water? Where is roughly 80% of it kept?

Answer 2

2.5%
80% is kept in glaciers

Question 3

What are the 5 major oceanic bodies

Answer 3

Atlantic
Pacific
Indian
Arctic
Southern

Question 4

what is a WATERSHED!!!!!!
Where is its boundary defined?

Answer 4

A region where all inland waters drain into the same larger body
Boundary defined by the highest point of land between rivers

Question 5

What are factors affecting how water flows within a watershed?

Answer 5

Topography (Hills and valleys)
Vegetation
Geology (soil type)
Man made barriers
Climate

Question 6

What is the cryosphere?

Answer 6

All frozen water

Question 7

What is pack ice?

Answer 7

ice floating on the oceans near the north or south poles

Question 8

What are glaciers?

Answer 8

masses of ice on land formed by accumulated snow

Question 9

Global warming affects the cryosphere greatly

give 2 consequences to pack ice melting
give 2 consequences to glaciers melting

Answer 9

PACK ICE:
1 loss of habitat for polar bears and seals
2 sunlight absorbed by dark ocean rather than reflected by ice so more warming

GLACIERS:
1 Raises ocean levels
2 Large amount of fresh cold water could disrupt ocean circulation and slow down currents

Question 10

What makes up Hydraulic energy?

Answer 10

Hydro-electric dam energy
Waves and tidal energy

Question 11

Pros of hydraulic energy

Answer 11

Renewable
Very little greenhouse gasses
Once the dam is built, the energy is virtually free

Question 12

Cons of hydraulic energy (3)

Answer 12

Dams r very expensive to build
Can disrupt aquatic life
Water raises mercury from the soil

Question 13

Name the thin blanket of gasses surrounding the earth

Answer 13

The atmosphere

Question 14

Composition of the atmosphere

Answer 14

78% Nitrogen
21% Oxygen
1% Argon, Co2 and other trace gasses
Some amount of water is always present between 0 and 4%

Question 15

What is defined as the amount of force exerted by the molecules in the atmosphere upon a surface?

Answer 15

Atmospheric Pressure

Question 16

What is the role of the atmosphere in maintaining life on earth? (3)

Answer 16

1 blocks out dangerous radiation from the sun
2 Retains heat, ensuring a relatively stable climate on earth
3 The 02 and Co2 the atmosphere contains makes cellular respiration and photosynthesis possible

Question 17

What are the layers of the atmosphere and their altitudes?

Answer 17

Troposphere - 0-15km
Stratosphere - 15-50km
Mesosphere - 50-80km
Thermosphere - 80-500km
Exosphere - 500km and more

Question 18

High pressure. How?

Answer 18

Number of particles increases
particles collide frequently
pressure increases

Question 19

Low pressure. How

Answer 19

Number of particles decreases
particles collide less frequently
pressure decreases

Question 20

What are air masses?

Answer 20

enormous expanses of air and hat move together and interact with other air masses to create weather patterns

Question 21

What is a cold front?
(Formation)
(Movement of air)
(Meteorological conditions)

Answer 21

(Formation)
When a mass of cold air meets a mass of warm air

(Movement of air)
Warm air rises rapidly above the cold air

(Meteorological conditions)
Formation of puffy clouds (cumulus)
Probably of wind + heavy rain

Question 22

What is a warm front?
(Formation)
(Movement of air)
(Meteorological conditions)

Answer 22

(Formation)
When a mass of warm air meets a mass of cold air

(Movement of air)
Warm air rises gently above the cold air

(Meteorological conditions)
Formation of light clouds (nimbostratus)
Probability of cloudy weather and showers

Question 23

What is a warm front in super basic terms

Answer 23

Warm into cold; slow rain

Question 24

What is a cold front in super basic terms

Answer 24

warm into cold; slow rain

Question 25

What is an anticyclone what kinda weather does it entail

Answer 25

An area of circulation around a high-pressure center clear and sunny weather

Question 26

What is a depression what kinda weather does it entail

Answer 26

an area of circulation around a low-pressure center (hurricanes or typhoons) clouds and rain

Question 27

what is a cyclone?

Answer 27

A tropical storm with violent winds revolving around a low-pressure center

Question 28

Advantages of solar energy (3)

Answer 28

- renewable - no pollution - good option for isolated areas w no power distribution network

Question 29

Cons of solar energy (2)

Answer 29

- low energy production for high cost - only areas w lots of sunlight r suitable

Question 30

What is passive heating?

Answer 30

Sunny side windows with concrete to absorb heat and release it later

Question 31

explain photovoltaic cells : solar panels

Answer 31

photovoltaic cells r often made of silicon, and set electrons in motion when sunlight hits the panel. the movement of the electrons creates an electric current

Question 32

Explain solar collectors

Answer 32

Shaped parabolic mirrors that focus the heat of the sun on a pipe carrying a special fluid. the heated fluid is used to drive a turbine connected to an electrical generator to generate electricity

Question 33

honestly just look over the sun and moon tide slides because i cant physically ask the right question

Answer 33

okay

Question 34

what is tidal energy?

Answer 34

tidal energy is the energy obtained from the ebb and flow of the tides

Question 35

pros of tidal energy (3)

Answer 35

- renewable - no emissions - tides are completely predictable

Question 36

cons of tidal energy (3)

Answer 36

- very expensive to build - natural environment is changed on the river - only provides power for around 10 hours each day, when the tide is moving in or out