Chapter 12

Question 1

Function of nervous system

Answer 1

Maintaining homeostasis

Question 2

Homeostatic mechanism

Answer 2

1: sensor (sensory)
2: control center (inter)
3: effector (motor)

Question 3

Two branches of the nervous system

Answer 3

Central nervous
Peripheral nervous

Question 4

Sections of the CNS

Answer 4

Brain
Spinal cord
(Interneurons)

Question 5

Sections of the PNS

Answer 5

Sensory
Motor

Question 6

Sections of motor

Answer 6

Somatic- voluntary
Autonomic- involuntary

Question 7

Different autonomic

Answer 7

Parasympathetic- rest and digest
Sympathetic- fight or flight

Question 8

Soma

Answer 8

Cell body

Question 9

Dendrites

Answer 9

Receptors at the end of soma

Question 10

Axon

Answer 10

Tail of cell

Question 11

Axon hillock

Answer 11

Axon attaches to soma

Question 12

Telodendria

Answer 12

Tail end of axion

Question 13

Axon terminal

Answer 13

At the ends of the teledendria

Question 14

Myelin sheaths

Answer 14

Cell like structure on axon

Question 15

Nodes of ranvier

Answer 15

Spaces between myelin sheaths

Question 16

Sensory neurons

Answer 16

Delivers information from receptors to the CNS

Question 17

Motor neurons

Answer 17

Carry instructions from CNS to muscles

Question 18

Interneurons

Answer 18

In the CNS, over 90% of neurons

Question 19

Unipolar neurons

Answer 19

Off to the side of the axon

Question 20

Multipolar

Answer 20

Single axon multiple dendrites

Question 21

Neuroglia

Answer 21

Supportive cell, helps with protection and function

Question 22

Astrocytes

Answer 22

CNS, blood brain barrier

Question 23

Ependymal cell

Answer 23

CNS, cerebral spinal fluid

Question 24

Oligodendrocyte

Answer 24

CNS, Wraps around axon to make sheaths for protection

Question 25

Microglia

Answer 25

CNS, immune function

Question 26

Schwann cell

Answer 26

PNS, wraps around axon for protection

Question 27

Satellite cell

Answer 27

PNS, Regulates environment around neurons

Question 28

Blood brain barrier

Answer 28

Regulates chemicals in circulation, protect neural tissue

Question 29

What are myelin sheaths made of

Answer 29

Lipids

Question 30

Resting membrane potential

Answer 30

A neuron has not been stimulated -70mV

Question 31

Where to the ions rest?

Answer 31

Na+ rests outside K+ rests inside

Question 32

Sodium potassium pump

Answer 32

Returns Na outside and K inside 3:2

Question 33

Threshold

Answer 33

Bring membrane to -60mV

Question 34

Depolarization

Answer 34

1, Na+ enters the cell

Question 35

Peak potential

Answer 35

Top of the graph +30mV

Question 36

Repolarization

Answer 36

2, K leaves the cell

Question 37

Hyperpolarization

Answer 37

3, down to -90mV, gates shut

Question 38

Refractory period

Answer 38

Cell cannot be stimulated

Question 39

Step 4

Answer 39

Sodium potassium pump puts ions back 3Na:2K

Question 40

Saltatory conduction

Answer 40

Increase speed of AP by allowing it to skip over sections of axon

Question 41

Excitatory

Answer 41

Promotes AP, depolarization

Question 42

Inhibitory

Answer 42

Decreases AP, hyperpolarization

Question 43

Norepinephrine/ epinephrine

Answer 43

Cardiac contraction

Question 44

Acetylcholine

Answer 44

Contracts skeletal muscle, inhibits cardiac

Question 45

Melatonin

Answer 45

Helps with sleep

Question 46

GABA

Answer 46

Calming

Question 47

Temporal summation

Answer 47

Repeated stimulation

Question 48

Spatial summation

Answer 48

Multiple signals at once