Exam 4 Flashcards by Taylor Trochlil

Brains role

Information processing, memory, emotion
97% of nerve tissue

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Four major regions of the brain

-cerebrum
-Cerebellum
-diencephalon
-brainstem

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Cerebrum

Intellect, memory, personality

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Cerebellum

Repeated patterns like walking

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Diencephalon

Mid brain, compose of thalamus and hypothalamus

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Brain stem

Contains neurons that connect cerebrum and cerebellum

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Thalamus

All sensation pass through here (taste, hearing,vision…) , traffic director for impulse

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Hypothalamus

Controls homeostatic mechanisms, eating reflexes, hormones

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3 structures of the brain stem?

-Midbrain
-pons
-medulla oblongata

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Midbrain

Superior part of brain stem, smooth motor function

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Pons

Links brain to cerebellum, motor info to cerebellum

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Medulla oblongata

Autonomic functions

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Ventricals *

-space that makes CSF
- four chambers in the brain
- chorachoid plexus is a region of capillary’s within that makes CSF
- CSF supports and cushions brain, transports waste, nutrients, and chemical messages

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Carotid artery

Delivers blood to the brain, high blood pressure

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Blood brain barrier

Astrocytes appendages wrap around capillaries

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Proprioception

Awareness of body position

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Limbus stystem

Hippocampus
Amygdala

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Hippocampus

Memory center

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Amygdala

Emotional personality

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Outputs colosum

Glue holding lines together

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Left brain

Science and math

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Right brain

Creative and abstract

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Frontal lobe

Movement

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Parietal

Sensory, skin

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Temporal

Hearing and smell

Occipital lobe

Vision

Wernicke

Understanding language

Brocas

Creating speech

Acronym?

On occasion our trusty truck acts funny. Very good vechical any how

Receptive field

Area of skin a neuron is responsible for

Small receptive field

More sensitive

Large receptive field

Less sensitive

Fast adapting

Temperature receptors

Slow adapting

Pain receptors

Nociceptors

Pain, tissue damage

Thermoreceptors

Temperature

Mechanoreceptors

Touch

Chemoreceptors

Chemical

Barorecepter

Pressure/ stretching

Proprioceptor

Balance

Photoreceptor

Light

1st order neuron

Sensory

2ed order neuron

Interneuron

3ed order

In thalamus

Decussation

Is when the 2ed neuron switches to the other side of the the CNS

Sensory cortex

Parietal lobe, general sensation

Preganglionic

Attaches to cns and ganglionic neuron

Ganglionic

Attaches to preganlionic and target tissue

Somatic nervous*

-skeletal muscle - conscious and subconscious - muscle contraction - acetocholine

Autonomic nervous system

- smooth muscle, cardiac, glands - unconscious - stimulate or inhibits - ach and NE

Parasympathetic

- energy conservation - Decrease heart rate - decrease resperation - bronchus constructs - Pupils constrict

Sympathetic

- use energy - increase heart rate - increase resperation - bronchus dilates - pupils dilate - fight or flight

Adrenal medulla

Synapses within gland, secretes NE and Ach

Cholinergic

Synapses with Ach

Adrenergic

Synapses with NE

Alpha

Stimulated by NE and E, increase heart rate and blood pressure

Beta 1

Uses E for stimulation

Beta 2

Uses E for relaxation

Taste interpretated?

Insula and frontal lobe

Sweet

Carbohydrates

Salty

Chloride ion

Sour

Hydrogen ion acidic

Bitter

Hydroxide ion basic

Umami

Savory,gludimate

Water

Hydration level

Eyelid

Palpabrea

Eyelashes

Prevent debris

Tarsal gland

Oil to lubricate eye lid

Lacrimal aparadis

Tears to lubricate and clean eye

Sclera

Protective white part

Cornea

Transparent, refracts light

Choroid

Brown, circulation

Dilator

Dilates iris

Sphincter

Constricts iris

Ciliary muscles

Changes lens

Retina

Photoreceptive layer

Rods

Detects light

Cones

Detects colors, red blue green

Aqueous humor

Vitreous humor

Posterior

Cataracts

Loss of transparency

Astigmatism

Improper refractions

Focal point

Refract and focus light on retina

Accommodation: close

Round

Accommodation: far

Flat

Myopia

Nearsighted, before retina

Hyperopia

Farsighted, behind retina

Impulse pathway

Ross and cones-> optic nerve-> optic chasim-> occipital lobe

Pinna

Funnels sound wave, cartilage

Tympanic membrane

Sound waves, ear drum

Ceruminous gland

Makes ear wax

Ear bones

Malleus, incus, stapes

Auditory tube

Equalizes pressure

Tensor tempani

Connects to malleus, tension on ear drum

Stapedious

Connects to stapes and prevents to much movement

Boney laberanth

Protects inner membranous labyrinth of ear