Chapter 12 Flashcards
(186 cards)
1
Q
cry/o
A
cold
2
Q
cutane/o
A
skin
3
Q
derm/o, dermat
A
skin
4
Q
hidr/o
A
sweat
5
Q
hirsut/o
A
hairy/ rough
6
Q
lip/o
A
fat/ lipid
7
Q
melan/o
A
black/ dark
8
Q
myc/o
A
fungus
9
Q
onych/o
A
fingernail or toenail
10
Q
pil/i, pil/o
A
hair
11
Q
py/o
A
pus
12
Q
rhytid/o
A
wrinkle
13
Q
seb/o
A
sebum
14
Q
urtic/o
A
rash/hives
15
Q
xer/o
A
dry
16
Q
actinic keratosis
A
a pre-cancerous skin growth that occurs on sun-damaged skin
17
Q
albinism
A
a genetic condition characterized by a deficiency or absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and irises of the eyes
18
Q
alopecia
A
the partial or complete loss of hair, most commonly on the scalp
19
Q
blepharoplasty
A
surgical reduction of the upper and lower eyelids by removing sagging skin
20
Q
bulla
A
a large blister that is usually more than 0.5 cm in diameter
21
Q
capillary hemangioma
A
a soft, raised, pink, or red vascular birthmark
22
Q
carbuncle
A
a cluster of connected furuncles (boils)
23
Q
cellulitis
A
an acute, rapidly spreading bacterial infection within the connective tissues of the skin
24
Q
cicatrix
A
a normal scar resulting from the healing of a wound
25
comedo
a noninfected lesion formed by the buildup of sebum and keratin in a hair follicle
26
debridement
the removal of dirt, foreign objects, damaged tissue, and cellular debris from a wound to prevent infection and to promote healing
27
dermatitis
inflammation of the skin
28
diaphoresis
profuse sweating
29
dysplastic nevi
atypical moles that can develop into skin cancer
30
ecchymosis
a large, irregular area of purplish discoloration due to bleeding under the skin
31
eczema
a form of recurring dermatitis characterized by itching, redness, and dryness
32
erythema
redness of the skin due to capillary dilation
33
erythroderma
abnormal redness of the entire skin surface
34
exanthem
a widespread rash, usually in children
35
exfoliative dermatitis
a condition in which there is widespread scaling of the skin
36
folliculitis
inflammation of the hair follicles
37
furuncles
large, tender, swollen areas caused by a staphylococcal infection around hair follicles or sebaceous glands
38
hematoma
a swelling of clotted blood trapped in the tissues
39
hirsutism
excessive bodily and facial hair in women, usually occurring in a male pattern
40
ichthyosis
a group of disorders characterized by dry, thickened, and scaly skin
41
impetigo
a highly contagious bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture
42
keloid
an abnormally raised or thickened scar that expands beyond the boundaries of the original incision
43
keratosis
any skin growth, such as a wart or a callus, in which there is overgrowth and thickening of the skin
44
koilonychia
a malformation of the nails in which the outer surface is concave or scooped out like the bowl of a spoon
45
lipedema
a chronic abnormal condition characterized by the accumulation of fat and fluid in the tissues just under the skin of the hips and legs
46
lipoma
a benign, slow-growing fatty tumor located between the skin and the muscle layer
47
macule
a discolored, flat spot on the skin that is less than 1 cm in diameter
48
malignant melanoma
a type of skin cancer that occurs in the melanocytes
49
melasma
a pigmentation disorder characterized by brownish spots on the face
50
necrotizing fasciitis
a rare, severe infection caused by group A strep bacteria
51
onychocryptosis
ingrown toenail
52
onychomycosis
a fungal infection of the nail
53
papilloma
a benign, superficial, wart-like growth on the epithelial tissue or elsewhere in the body, such as in the bladder
54
papule
a small, raised red lesion on the skin that is less than 0.5 cm in diameter
55
paronychia
an acute or chronic infection of the skin fold around a nail
56
pediculosis
an infestation of lice
57
petechiae
very small pinpoint hemorrhages on the skin less than 2 mm in diameter
58
pressure ulcer
an open ulcerated wound that is caused by prolonged pressure on an area of skin over a bony prominence
59
pruritus
itching
60
psoriasis
a common skin disorder characterized by flare-ups in which red papules covered with silvery scales occur on the elbows, knees, scalp, back, or buttocks
61
purpura
multiple purple discolorations on the skin caused by bleeding underneath the skin
62
purulent
producing or containing pus
63
rhytidectomy
surgical removal of excess skin and fat from the face to eliminate wrinkles
64
rosacea
a chronic skin condition of unknown cause that produces tiny red pimples and enlarged blood vessels on the face
65
scabies
a skin infection caused by an infestation of itch mites
66
scleroderma
an autoimmune disorder in which the connective tissues become thickened and hardened, causing the skin to become hard and swollen
67
seborrheic dermatitis
inflammation resulting from overactivity of the sebaceous glands that causes scaling and itching of the upper layers of the skin or scalp
68
squamous cell carcinoma
a malignant tumor of the scaly squamous cells of the epithelium that can quickly spread to other body systems
69
systemic lupus erythematosus
an autoimmune disorder characterized by a red, scaly rash on the face and upper trunk that also attacks the connective tissue in other body systems
70
tinea
a fungal infection that can grow on the skin, hair, or nails
71
urticaria
itchy wheals on the skin caused by an allergic reaction
72
verrucae
small, hard skin lesions caused by the human papillomavirus
73
vitiligo
a skin condition resulting from the destruction of melanocytes due to unknown causes, resulting in irregular patches of white skin
74
wheal
a small bump on the skin that itches
75
xeroderma
excessively dry skin
76
integumentary system
is made up of the skin and its related structures, performs important functions in maintaining the health of the body
77
integument
comes from latin word meaning to cover or enclose
78
skin
forms the protective outer layer covering the external surfaces of the entire body
79
sebaceous gland
secrete sebum (oil) that lubricates the skin and discourages the growth of bacteria on the skin
80
sweat glands
help regulate body temperature and water content by secreting sweat. A small amount of metabolic waste is also excreted through the sweat glands
81
hair
helps control the loss of body heat
82
nails
protect the dorsal surface of the last bone of each toe and finger
83
epidermis
the outermost layer of the skin, is made up of several specialized epithelial tissues
84
epithelial tissues
form a protective covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of the body
85
squamous
scale-like
86
squamous epithelial tissue
forms the upper layer of the epidermis, contains flat, scaly cells that are continuously shed
87
basal layer
is the lowest layer of the epidermis, new cells are produced here and pushed upward, when they reach the surface, they die and become filled with keratin
88
keratin
is a fibrous, water-repellent protein, soft keratin is a primary component of the epidermis. hard keratin is found in the hair and nails
89
melanocytes
are special cells that are found in the basal cell layer. these cells produce and contain a dark brown to black pigment known as melanin
90
meleanin
is the pigment that determines the color of the skin, also produces freckles and age spots
91
dermis or corium
the thick layer of living tissue directly below the epidermis
92
sensory nerve endings
the sensory receptors for stimuli such as touch, temperature, pain, and pressure
93
collagen
means glue, is a tough yet flexible fibrous protein material found in the skin and also in the bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments
94
mast cells
which are found in the connective tissue of the dermis, respond to injury, infection, or allergy by producing and releasing substances, including heparin and histamine
95
heparin
is released in response to an injury, is an anticoagulant
96
anticoagulant
prevents blood clotting
97
histamine
is released in response to allergens, causes the symptoms of an allergic response, including itching and increased mucus secretion
98
subcutaneous layer
is located just below the layers of the skin and connects the skin to the surface muscles
99
adipose
fat
100
cellulite
a term used to describe deposits of dimpled fat around the buttocks and thighs
101
lipocytes
fat cells
102
sebum
an oily substance that is released through ducts opening into the hair follicles
103
sudoriferous glands/ sweat glands
are tiny, coiled glands found on almost all body surfaces
104
pores
the openings on the surface of the skin that act as the ducts of the sweat glands
105
perspiration/ sweat
is secreted by sweat glands and is made up of 99% water plus some salt and metabolic waste products
106
hidrosis
is the production and excretion of perspiration
107
mammary glands
milk producing glands
108
hair
rod-like structures composed of tightly fused, dead protein cells filled with hard keratin
109
hair follicles
are the sacs that hold the root of the hair fibers
110
arrector pili
tiny muscle fibers attached to the hair follicles that cause the hair to stand erect
111
unguis
fingernail or toenail
112
nail plate
is translucent, is closely molded to the surface of the underlying tissues. It is made up of hard, keratinized plates of epidermal cells
113
nail bed
is the skin underneath the nail plate, which joins the nail body to the underlying connective tissue and nourishes the nail
114
free edge
is the portion of the nail not attached to the nail bed, extends beyond the tip of the finger or toe
115
lunula
is a pale half-moon-shaped region at every nail root, which is generally most easily seen in the thumbnail
116
cuticle
a narrow band of epidermis attached to the surface of the nail just in front of the root, protecting the new keratin cells as they form
117
nail root
fastens the nail to the finger or toe by fitting into a groove in the skin
118
plastic surgeon
is a physician who specializes in the surgical restoration and reconstruction of body structures
119
cosmetic surgeons
are plastic surgeons who perform operations such as breast augmentation, liposuction, and facelifts that are usually done for aesthetic rather than medical reasons
120
acne
is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by pustular eruptions of the skin caused by an overproduction of sebum around the hair shaft
121
sebaceous cyst
a closed sac that is found just under the skin. These cysts contain yellow, fatty material and are usually found on the face, neck, or trunk
122
seborrheic keratosis
is a benign skin growth that has a waxy or “pasted-on” look. These growths, which can vary in color from light tan to black, occur most commonly in adults over the age of 50
123
anhidrosis
is the abnormal condition of lacking sweat in response to heat
124
phor
movement
125
dia-
through or complete
126
heat rash
is an intensely itchy rash caused by blockage of the sweat glands by bacteria and dead cells
127
heat stroke
a medical emergency caused by prolonged exposure to high temperatures, characterized by a core temp of at least 104, altered mental state, and racing heart rate
128
hyperhidrosis
a condition of excessive sweating in one area or over the whole body
129
follicul
hair follicle
130
trichomycosis axillaris
a superficial bacterial infection of the hair shafts in areas with extensive sweat glands such as the armpits
131
trich
hair
132
axill
armpit
133
alopec
baldness
134
alopecia areata
is an autoimmune disorder that attacks the hair follicles causing well defined bald areas on the scalp or elsewhere on the body
135
alopecia totalis
is an uncommon condition characterized by the loss of all the hair on the scalp
136
Alopecia universalis
Is the total loss of hair on all parts of the body
137
Androgenic alopecia
Is the most common type of hair loss
138
Clubbing
The abnormal curving of the nails that is often accompanied by enlargement of the fingertips
139
Koilonychia
Is the malformation of the nails in which the outer surface is concave or scooped out like the bowl of a spoon
140
Koil
Hollow or concave
141
Onychia
Is an inflammation of the bed of the nail that often results in the loss of the nail
142
Onycholysis
Is the separation of the nail plate from the nail bed
143
Acanthosis nigricans
Is a condition where one or more areas of the skin develop dark, velvety areas of discoloration, usually in skin folds
144
Age spots
Are discolorations caused by sun exposure
145
Contusion
Is an injury to underlying tissues without breaking the skin and is characterized by discoloration
146
Contus
Bruise
147
Lesion
Is a pathologic change of the tissues due to disease or injury
148
Eschar
Is dead crust like tissue found in full thickness wounds
149
Erosion
Is the wearing away of a surface such as the epidermis of the skin or the outer layer of a mucous membrane
150
Nodule
Is a solid raised skin lesion that is larger than .5 cm in diameter and deeper than a papule
151
Plaque
Is a scaly solid raised area of closely spaced papules
152
Scales
Are flakes or dry patches made up of excess dead epidermal cells
153
Abscess
Is a closed pocket containing puss that is caused by a bacterial infection
154
Exudate
Is a fluid such as pus that leaks out of an infected wound
155
Cyst
Is an abnormal sac containing gas, fluid, or a semisolid material
156
Pustule
Also known as a pimple, is a small circumscribed lesion containing pus
157
Vesicle
Is a small blister, less than .5 cm in diameter containing watery fluid
158
Abrasion
Is an injury in which superficial layers of skin are scraped or rubbed away
159
Fissure
Is a groove or crack like break in the skin
160
Needlestick injury
Is an accidental puncture wound caused by a used hypodermic needle
161
Ulcer
Is an open lesion of the skin or mucous membrane resulting in tissue loss around the edges
162
Intertrigo
Is dermatitis caused by the friction of skin rubbing together in skin folds such as the armpits groin and under the breasts
163
Erythema multiforme
Is a skin disorder resulting from a generalized allergic reaction to an illness infection or medication
164
Dermatosis
Is a general term used to denote skin lesions or eruptions of any type that are not associated with inflammation
165
Rhinophyma
Hyperplasia of the tissues of the nose and is associated with advanced rosacea
166
Molluscrum contagiosum
Is a viral infection that causes small, raised lesions called mollusca
167
Gangrene
Is death of tissue most commonly caused by a loss of circulation to the affected tissues
168
Pyoderma
Is any acute, inflammatory, pus forming bacterial skin infection such as impetigo
169
Mycosis
And abnormal condition or disease caused by a fungus
170
Infestation
Is the dwelling of microscopic parasites on external surface tissue
171
Granulation tissue
Is the tissue that normally forms during the healing of a wound
172
Nevus
Mole
173
Polyp
A mushroom like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane
174
Skin tags
Small flesh colored or light brown polyps that hang from the body by fine stalks
175
Skin cancer
Is a malignant growth on the skin which can have many causes including repeated severe sunburns or long term exposure to the sun
176
Basal cell carcinoma
Is a malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis
177
Exfoliative cytology
Is a technique in which cells are scraped from the tissue and examined under a microscope
178
Cauterization
Is the destruction of tissue by burning
179
Chembrasion
The use of chemicals to remove the outer layers of the skin to treat acne scarring fine wrinkles and keratoses
180
Curettage
Is the removal of material from the surface by scraping
181
Dermabrasion
A form of abrasion involving the use of a revolving wire brush or sandpaper
182
Electrodesiccation
A surgical technique performed in conjunction with curettage in which layers of tissue are destroyed using an electric spark and then scraped away
183
Phototherapy
Is the use of natural or artificial light to treat skin conditions such as vitiligo and eczema
184
Fluorouracil
A topical chemotherapy cream used to treat basal cell carcinoma
185
-lysis
Destruction
186
Lipectomy
The surgical removal of fat from beneath the skin to improve physical appearance
