Chapter 6 Flashcards
(76 cards)
1
Q
anti-
A
against
2
Q
carcin/o
A
cancerous
3
Q
immun/o
A
immune/ protection/ safe
4
Q
lymph/o
A
lymph/ lymphatic tissue
5
Q
lymphaden/o
A
lymph node or gland
6
Q
lymphangi/o
A
lymph vessel
7
Q
neo-
A
new/ strange
8
Q
ne/o
A
new/ strange
9
Q
-oma
A
tumor, neoplasm
10
Q
onc/o
A
tumor
11
Q
phag/o
A
eat/swallow
12
Q
-plasm
A
formative material of cells
13
Q
sarc/o
A
flesh/ connective tissue
14
Q
splen/o
A
spleen
15
Q
-tic
A
pertaining to
16
Q
tox/o
A
poison/ poisonous
17
Q
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
A
the most advanced and fatal stage of and HIV infection
18
Q
allergen
A
a substance that produces an allergic reaction in an individual
19
Q
anaphylaxis
A
a severe, systemic response to an allergen
20
Q
antibiotics
A
medication capable of inhibiting the growth of or killing pathogenic bacteria
21
Q
antibody
A
a disease-fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen
22
Q
antifungal
A
an agent that destroys or inhibits the growth of fungi
23
Q
antigen
A
any substance that the body regards as being foreign
24
Q
antigen-antibody reaction
A
binding antigens to antibodies; this reaction labels a potentially dangerous antigen so it can be recognized and destroyed by other cells of the immune system
25
autoimmune disorder
any of a large group of diseases characterized by a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against its own tissues, mistaking healthy cells, tissues, or organs for antigens
26
bacilli
rod-shaped, spore-forming bacteria
27
bacteria
A group of one-celled microscopic organisms, some of which are pathogenic
28
benign
something that is not life-threatening
29
candidiasis
a yeast infection
30
carcinoma
a malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue
31
carcinoma in situ
a malignant tumor in its original position that has not yet disturbed or invaded the surrounding tissues
32
complement system
a group of proteins that normally circulate in the blood in an inactive form; when needed, these cells complement the ability of antibodies to ward off pathogens by combining with them to dissolve and remove pathogenic bacteria and other foreign cells
33
COVID-19
a highly contagious viral infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus
34
cytokines
a group of proteins such as interferons and interleukins released primarily by the T cells; these cells act as intracellular signals to begin the immune response
35
cytomegalovirus
a type of herpesvirus found in most body fluids
36
cytotoxic drug
medication that kills or damages cells
37
ductal carcinoma in situ
breast cancer at its earliest stage before the abnormal cells have broken through the wall of the milk duct
38
hemolytic
destroying worn-out erythrocytes (red blood cells) and releasing their hemoglobin for reuse
39
herpes zoster
an acute viral infection characterized by painful skin eruptions that follow the underlying route of an inflamed nerve
40
Hodgkin's lymphoma
a cancer of the immune system distinguished by the presence of large, cancerous lymphocytes known as Reed-Sternberg cells
41
human immunodeficiency virus
a bloodborne infection in which the virus damages or kills the T cells of the immune system, causing it to progressively fail, thus leaving the body at risk of developing many life threatening opportunistic infections
42
immunoglobulins
antibodies that bind with specific antigens in the antigen-antibody response
43
immunosuppressant
a substance that prevents or reduces the body’s normal immune response
44
immunotherapy
a disease treatment that involves either stimulating or repressing the immune system
45
infiltrating ductal carcinoma
breast cancer that starts in the milk duct and invades the fatty breast tissue outside the duct
46
interferons
produced in response to the presence of antigens, particularly viruses or tumor cells; interferons activate the immune system, fight viruses by slowing or stopping their multiplication, and signal other cells to increase their defenses
47
lymphadenopathy
any disease process affecting a lymph node or nodes
48
lymphangioma
a benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels due to a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system
49
lymphedema
swelling of the tissues due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid within the tissues
50
lymphocytes
also known as lymphoid cells; leukocytes that are formed in bone marrow as stem cells; work together with the body’s organs to defend the body against antigens
51
lymphoma
a general term applied to malignancies affecting lymphoid tissues
52
lymphoscintigraphy
a diagnostic test that is performed to detect damage or malformations of the lymphatic vessels
53
macrophage
a type of leukocyte that surrounds and kills invading cells; macrophages also remove dead cells and stimulate the action of other immune cells
54
malaria
a disease caused by a parasite that lives in certain mosquitoes and is transferred to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito
55
malignant
becoming progressively worse and life-threatening
56
mammography
an x-ray examination of the breasts to detect the presence of tumors or precancerous cells
57
metastasis
describes the process by which cancer is spread to a new site, and the term is also used to describe the tumor itself
58
metastasize
to spread from one place to another, as in cancer
59
myoma
a benign tumor made up of muscle tissue
60
myosarcoma
a malignant tumor derived from muscle tissue
61
non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
the term used to describe all lymphomas other than Hodgkin’s lymphoma
62
opportunistic infection
infection caused by a pathogen that does not normally produce an illness in healthy humans
63
osteosarcoma
a hard-tissue sarcoma that usually involves the upper shaft of long bones, pelvis, or knee
64
parasite
a plant or animal that lives on or within another living organism at the expense of that organism
65
rabies
an acute viral infection transmitted to humans by the bite or saliva of an infected animal
66
rickettsia
a small bacterium that lives in lice, fleas, ticks, and mites
67
rubella
a viral infection characterized by a low-grade fever, swollen glands, inflamed eyes, and a fine, pink rash
68
sarcoma
a malignant tumor that arises from connective tissues, including hard and, more commonly, soft tissues
69
spirochetes
long, slender, spiral-shaped bacteria that have flexible walls and are capable of movement
70
splenomegaly
an abnormal enlargement of the spleen
71
staphylococci
a group of about 30 species of bacteria that form irregular groups or clusters resembling grapes
72
streptococci
bacteria that form a chain
73
systematic reaction
also described as anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock, is a severe response to an allergen; the symptoms of this response develop quickly, and without prompt medical aid, the patient can die within a few minutes
74
teletherapy
precisely targeted radiation therapy administered at a distance from the body
75
toxoplasmosis
a disease caused by a parasite most commonly transmitted from pets to humans by contact with contaminated feces
76
varicella
a highly contagious infection caused by the herpesvirus Varicella zoster; also known as chickenpox
