chapter 12

Question 1

where does the juvenile justice system fall under.

civil law or criminal law

Answer 1

civil law

Question 2

what are delinquents

Answer 2

juveniles who commit acts that are criminal when committed by adults

Question 3

what is status offenses

they exist because juveniles lack maturity to make the right choices so the criminal justice becomes a second parent.

Answer 3

actions that are legal for adults such as smoking,drinking, not obeying parents, staying out, illegal to juvenils.

Question 4

age crime curve meaning?(regularity in crinimogology)

Answer 4

an increase in offending in early adolescence, a peak during mid-adolescence, and a decline during early adulthood

Question 5

do teenagers after reaching 28 commit more crimes

Answer 5

no because there frontal lobe has developed.

Question 6

LCP offenders start during puberty and continue well into…and why?

lcp (Latter life course persistent) tend to commut serious crimes.

Answer 6

adulthood. due to low IQ,inattentiveness, negative emotionality due to genetic or envi effects.

Question 7

whats AL offenders and do they carry their deliquency to adult life?

Answer 7

AL (adolescent limit) temporary frontal lobe activity. they dont have the burdened with neuropsychological problem. their crimes are based on normal transitional events.

Question 8

what was the cut off age between juveniles and adults back in the day

Answer 8

the minium was 8 then it ranged from 6-10. then christianyty moved it up to 7-14. 14 was ok cuz that was when they were rational and responsible to marry.

Question 9

what is parens patriae?and what was it created

formated on the english chancery courts.

Answer 9

“father of his country” state as parents. the right for the state to intefere in loco parentis(in place of parents)

Question 10

what was created because of the concern of children were begging and vagrancy.

which one was the first one and when

Answer 10

• workhouses
• bridewell in 1555

Question 11

how were workplaces and bridewells like and what was the outcome they were expecting?

Answer 11

the places were dank, harsh, and sbuve. yet the idea is what held it cuz if they took children of the streets they wouldnt be tight to that life anymore.

Question 12

new york house of refuge WORKED?

how were the conditions?

Answer 12

yes they were required to work and bring income to the institutions. they were forced to work long hrs, with no training or none and mistreated.

Question 13

what is ex parte crouse and why was it created

Answer 13

cuz poor parents placed there kids for poor behaviors in them. so there had to be standards for admission

Question 14

where was the first juvenile court and what did they combine?

they were protective and rehabilitative nature

Answer 14

cook country,illnois created a seperate court system for juveniles. these courts combines the authority of social control and a parents view.

Question 15

judicial waiver

what do they need?who decides

Answer 15

rape then murder the victim, so they waive it to an adult court. they need a petition and probable cause and for it to be beyond the juvenial court system.the judge.

Question 16

what is an informal probation n wats the name of it

also known as diversion

Answer 16

probation without a formal adjuducation of deliquency(found guilty)

Question 17

when a juvenile is found not guilty are they just let go free?

Answer 17

no under the principle of parens patriae they have the power to intervene in a childs life even after they have been found not guilty.

Question 18

what happens when the juvenile court does not accept jurisdiction?

waived (transferred) to an adult court

Answer 18

the case is sent to the adult court

Question 19

why are cases waiver?

Answer 19

when the juvenile have committed serious crimes, and have exhausted the resources of teh juvenile system

Question 20

what are the three primary ways juveniles can be waiver to criminal court?

Answer 20

1. judidical waiver
2. prosecutorial discretion
3. statutory exclusion

Question 21

judicial waiver

Answer 21

deciding after a full inquiry that the juvenile should be waived. in some states is mandatory if met (the criteria )

Question 22

prosecutorial discretion

mimited by age and seriouness of the offense

Answer 22

allow prosecutors to file a case in either adult or juvenile court. if they go straight to adult court they can bypass the court.

Question 23

statutory exclusion:

Answer 23

mandatory for serious offenses after an older certain age.

Question 24

the supreme court was hands off until which case of juveniles?

what was the case about? in this case they began the process of fomalizing the juvenile system(constitutonal rights)

Answer 24

kent v united states, 16 year old kent broke into a women apt raped her and stole her wallet. he was waived to a adult court because instead if he had been in a juvenile court he would have been 5 year max.(until 21)

Question 25

does a juvenile get due process?

Answer 25

no they get no constitutional rights because there kids, just treatment.

Question 26

what did the case in re gault do?

Answer 26

in this establish five basic constituonal rights
1. the right to proper notification of charges
2. the right to legal counsel
3. the right to confront witnesses
4. the right to privilgue against self incriminiation
5. the right to appellate review all of which had been denied to gault.

Question 27

what happen in the case in re winship?

Answer 27

the supreme court rules that when the possibility of commitment to a secure facility is a possibility the beyond a resonable doubt.

Question 28

in mckeive v pennsylvania do?

which asked do juveniles have the right to a jury trial during adjudication hearing?

Answer 28

the court rules that they do not. they can have due process rights but they dont need to.

Question 29

schall v martin

Answer 29

juveniles can be charged with a deliquent act is constitutional

Question 30

thompsonv v oklahoma

Answer 30

it drew the line that the death penalty shouldnt be used for people 16 and under

Question 31

amicus curiae briefs

Answer 31

court arguing in supoor of one side or the other by interested parties not directly involved in the case

Question 32

roper v simmons

Answer 32

redrew the line at 18

Question 33

atkins v virginia

Answer 33

you cant execute people and give thme unsual crual ounishment due to their cognitive disabilities

Question 34

what is the goal of the juvenile justice system

Answer 34

1. protect the community
2. to hold deliquent youths accountable
3. to provide treatment and positive role models for youths.

Question 35

what is the most lenient disposition of a case?

an agreement is reached between the juvenile and the probabtion officer without any formal court apperance.

Answer 35

deferred adjudication.

Question 36

predisposition reports

in probabtion probabtion officers under the parens patriae become their surrogate parent.

Answer 36

reports, to help classify into probabtion or something else

Question 37

what is the last method before incarceration? and how probation officers for them?

Answer 37

intesive supervision probatio. they tipically have 15-20 juveniles and can carry a gun, and most have daily contact with them, with the help of organizations.

Question 38

whats other forms of more intensive supervision

Answer 38

electric monitoring and house arrest.

Question 39

community service order

Answer 39

to help the community for a certain amount of hours to compensate the community.

Question 40

restorative justice

use instead of the get touch however it doesnt work for all because some victims want there offenders to be punished.

Answer 40

repairing the harm that has been caused by the act, face to face confrotnation between the victim and offender. to agree apound a solution.

Question 41

residential facility and residential treatmnet center are?hows the behavior of the people taking care of the juveniles?

also wilderness(better than ) or survial programs.

Answer 41

like halfways house is things not more than probabtion but not as bad as jail. there is no spitting in their faces instead theres guides.

Question 42

what are group homes

operated by pribate organization

Answer 42

they specialize in some form of programming such as drug tretment or trouble girls. they remain in communities and attend school

Question 43

short term facilities

corrections facility

Answer 43

reception and detention centers aka jails. kids might be held while awaiting release from parents

Question 44

long term facilities, what race is overpresented?

Answer 44

housing juveniles after adjudication. chornic offenders. racial ethnic minority youths are overpresented

Question 45

whats the most major difference between juveniles and adult facilities?

whats the new rule about facilities

Answer 45

juveniles facilities are considerably much more money, do to the programs required. mandated that only juveniles who commit serious crimes should be placed in faicilities.

Question 46

In ______, the Court ruled that juveniles can be held in pretrial preventive detention when charged with a delinquent act.

Answer 46

schall v martin

Question 47

Based on your understanding of life course–persistent offenders, which juvenile offender would you most expect to continue to offend throughout his or her life?

Answer 47

the offender who shows negative emotionality and struggles to pay attention

Question 48

Until about 300 years ago, children were considered not much different from ______.

Answer 48

property