Chapter 12 Flashcards
(39 cards)
Uplands
hills or very low mountains that may also contain mesas and high plateaus
Fjord
steep U-shaped valleys that connect to the sea and that filled with seawater after the glaciers melted
Meseta
low mountain areas of Brittany in France, and the central plateau of Spain
Massif Central
one-sixth of French lands are located in the uplands
Peat
partially decayed plant matter found in bogs
North Atlantic Drift
current of warm water from the tropics, flows near Europe’s west coast
Mistral
cold, dry wind from the north
sirocco
hot, steady south wind that blows from North Africa across the Mediterranean Sea into Southern Europe
Dikes
earthen banks
polder
Land that is reclaimed by diking and draining
seaworks
structures that are used to control the sea’s destructive impact on human life
Terpen
high earthen platforms
Zuider Zee
was an arm of the North Sea and is now a freshwater lake
Ijsselmeer
saltwater flowed into that body of water, it eventually became a freshwater lake.
City state
political unit made up of a city and its surrounding lands
Republic
government in which citizens elect representatives to rule in their name
Crusades
series of wars to take the Holy Land from the Muslims
Renaissance
which began in the Italian city-states, was a time of renewed interest in learning and the arts that lasted from the 14th through 16th centuries
Aqueducts
structures that carried water for long distances, and Muslim mosques, places of
worship
Benelux
countries of Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg have their own cultures
Reformation
period when many Christians broke away from the Catholic Church and started Protestant churches
Feudalism
was a political system in which powerful lords owned most of the land
Nationalism
belief that people should be loyal to their nation, the people with whom they share land, culture, and history
Holocaust
program of mass murder of two-thirds of European Jews and the murder of other minorities
